CPT® Code 86361

The CPT® Code 86361 refers to a laboratory test that measures the absolute count of CD4 T-cells in a blood sample. CD4 T-cells are a specific type of lymphocyte, which are white blood cells that play a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in cell-mediated immunity. This test is particularly significant in the context of HIV infection, as the HIV virus specifically targets and destroys CD4 cells, leading to a weakened immune system. The absolute CD4 count is essential for categorizing the stage of HIV infection according to the guidelines set forth by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It serves as a critical tool for healthcare providers to determine when to initiate treatment in asymptomatic patients, adjust existing antiviral therapies, and monitor the effectiveness of treatment over time. For individuals diagnosed with HIV, it is recommended that the absolute CD4 count be assessed every 3 to 6 months to ensure proper management of the disease. The test is performed using quantitative flow cytometry, a sophisticated laboratory technique that allows for precise measurement of the CD4 T-cell population in the blood. According to CDC criteria, an individual with a CD4 count below 200 cells/mm³ is classified as having AIDS, which necessitates immediate medical intervention regardless of the presence of symptoms.