CPT® Code 86711

Official Description

Antibody; JC (John Cunningham) virus

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 86711 refers to the laboratory test for the detection of antibodies to the John Cunningham virus (JCV). This blood test is crucial for identifying the presence of antibodies that indicate a previous infection with JCV, a virus that typically infects individuals during childhood. After the initial infection, JCV remains dormant in the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract without causing any health issues in individuals with a healthy immune system. However, the virus can become reactivated when the immune system is compromised due to various conditions such as HIV, certain types of cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus, or as a result of immunosuppressive medications used to prevent organ rejection or to treat diseases like multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease. The reactivation of JCV poses a significant risk, as it can lead to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a serious neurological condition characterized by the destruction of myelin in brain and nerve cells. The test involves obtaining a blood sample through venipuncture, which is a separate reportable procedure. The serum or plasma obtained from the blood sample is then analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, a widely used laboratory technique for detecting and quantifying proteins, including antibodies.

1. Indications

The antibody test for the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is indicated for the following conditions:

Immunocompromised Patients Individuals with weakened immune systems due to HIV infection, certain cancers, or systemic lupus erythematosus may require testing to assess the risk of JCV reactivation.
Patients on Immunosuppressive Therapy Those receiving medications to prevent organ rejection or to treat conditions such as multiple sclerosis and Crohn's disease should be tested to monitor for potential JCV activation.
Symptoms of PML Patients presenting with neurological symptoms suggestive of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) may be tested to determine if JCV is a contributing factor.

2. Procedure

The procedure for testing antibodies to the John Cunningham virus (JCV) involves several key steps:

Step 1: Patient Preparation Prior to the blood draw, the patient may be informed about the procedure and any necessary preparations, such as fasting or avoiding certain medications, although specific instructions may vary based on clinical guidelines.
Step 2: Venipuncture A qualified healthcare professional performs venipuncture to obtain a blood sample. This involves using a sterile needle to access a vein, typically in the arm, and collecting the blood into a designated tube. The procedure is performed under aseptic conditions to minimize the risk of infection.
Step 3: Sample Handling After collection, the blood sample is properly labeled and transported to the laboratory for analysis. It is essential to handle the sample according to laboratory protocols to ensure the integrity of the specimen.
Step 4: Laboratory Analysis In the laboratory, the serum or plasma is separated from the blood cells and tested using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. This technique allows for the detection and quantification of antibodies specific to JCV, providing valuable information regarding the patient's immune response to the virus.

3. Post-Procedure

After the blood sample has been collected, patients may experience minor discomfort or bruising at the venipuncture site, which typically resolves quickly. There are no specific post-procedure care instructions required for this test, but patients should be advised to report any unusual symptoms or prolonged discomfort. The results of the antibody test will be interpreted by a healthcare provider, who will discuss the findings with the patient and determine any necessary follow-up actions based on the results and the patient's clinical history.

Short Descr	JOHN CUNNINGHAM ANTIBODY
Medium Descr	ANTIBODY JOHN CUNNINGHAM VIRUS
Long Descr	Antibody; JC (John Cunningham) virus
Status Code	Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions	09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW)	No
APC Status Indicator	Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS)	5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE	2
CCS Clinical Classification	235 - Other Laboratory

90	Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
XU	Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service