CPT® Code 86807

The CPT® Code 86807 refers to a laboratory test specifically designed for serum screening of cytotoxic percent reactive antibody (PRA) using a standard method. This test is crucial in the context of organ transplantation, as it assesses the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies in the serum of the organ recipient. The detection of these antibodies is vital because they can trigger an immune response that may lead to hyperacute rejection of the transplanted organ. Human leukocyte antigens are glycoproteins found on the surface of cell membranes, and they play a significant role in the body's immune response. There are two main classes of HLA antigens: Class I antigens, which primarily activate killer T-cells, and Class II antigens, which activate helper T-4 cells, macrophages, and B-cells. The screening process involves mixing the recipient's serum with leukocytes from a donor pool and employing various testing methods, such as flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement-dependent cytotoxicity, or anti-human globulin augmentation. The outcome of this test is expressed as a percentage of reactions observed within the sample panel; a higher percentage indicates an increased risk of organ rejection for the patient. For instances where a quicker screening method is utilized, the CPT® Code 86806 should be applied instead.