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Official Description

Culture, tubercle or other acid-fast bacilli (eg, TB, AFB, mycobacteria) any source, with isolation and presumptive identification of isolates

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87116 refers to a laboratory procedure known as the culture of tubercle or other acid-fast bacilli, which includes organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). In this procedure, a tissue sample is collected from a patient and placed in a specialized growth medium that supports the proliferation of acid-fast bacilli. The primary goal of this culture is to isolate and presumptively identify any acid-fast bacilli that may be present in the sample. This process is crucial for diagnosing infections caused by these bacteria, as it allows for the detection of organisms that are often difficult to identify through standard laboratory techniques. The identification of these bacilli is essential for determining the appropriate treatment and management of conditions such as tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The culture for tubercle or other acid-fast bacilli is indicated in various clinical scenarios where there is a suspicion of infection by these organisms. The following conditions may warrant this procedure:

  • Suspected Tuberculosis Infection Patients presenting with symptoms such as persistent cough, fever, night sweats, and weight loss may require this culture to confirm or rule out tuberculosis.
  • Exposure to Tuberculosis Individuals who have been in close contact with someone diagnosed with tuberculosis may be tested to determine if they have contracted the infection.
  • Immunocompromised Patients Patients with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or undergoing chemotherapy, may be at higher risk for mycobacterial infections and may need this culture for diagnosis.
  • Chronic Respiratory Symptoms Patients with ongoing respiratory issues that do not respond to standard treatments may be evaluated for the presence of acid-fast bacilli.

2. Procedure

The procedure for culturing tubercle or other acid-fast bacilli involves several critical steps to ensure accurate isolation and identification of the organisms. The following steps outline the process:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A specimen is obtained from the patient, which may include sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or tissue biopsies. The choice of sample depends on the clinical presentation and suspected site of infection.
  • Step 2: Inoculation of Culture Medium The collected specimen is then inoculated into a culture medium specifically designed to support the growth of acid-fast bacilli. This medium is typically enriched with nutrients that facilitate the growth of mycobacteria.
  • Step 3: Incubation The inoculated culture is placed in an incubator at a controlled temperature and humidity to promote bacterial growth. This incubation period may last several weeks, as mycobacteria grow slowly compared to other bacteria.
  • Step 4: Isolation and Identification After the incubation period, the culture is examined for the presence of growth. If acid-fast bacilli are isolated, further tests are conducted to presumptively identify the specific organisms present, which may include staining techniques and biochemical tests.

3. Post-Procedure

After the culture procedure, the laboratory will monitor the growth of the culture over the incubation period. Once results are available, the healthcare provider will be informed of the findings. If acid-fast bacilli are identified, additional tests may be performed to determine the specific strain and its susceptibility to antibiotics. Patients may be advised on follow-up appointments to discuss the results and any necessary treatment plans. It is important for healthcare providers to communicate the results promptly, as timely diagnosis and treatment are critical in managing infections caused by these organisms, particularly tuberculosis.

Short Descr MYCOBACTERIA CULTURE
Medium Descr CULTURE TUBERCLE/OTH ACID-FAST BACILLI ANY ISOL
Long Descr Culture, tubercle or other acid-fast bacilli (eg, TB, AFB, mycobacteria) any source, with isolation and presumptive identification of isolates
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 2
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2001-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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