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Official Description

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Herpes simplex virus, direct probe technique

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87528 refers to the detection of infectious agents, specifically the Herpes simplex virus (HSV), through nucleic acid techniques that identify either DNA or RNA. This procedure utilizes a direct probe technique to ascertain the presence of HSV in a specimen. Herpes simplex virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact, and the initial infection often manifests as ulcerations on the skin or mucous membranes. After the primary infection, HSV can enter a latent state within the body and may reactivate due to various triggers, including other illnesses, infections, or stress. Individuals at heightened risk for severe complications from HSV include neonates and those with compromised immune systems, as they may develop infections affecting the eyes or central nervous system. There are two distinct types of HSV: type 1, which is commonly associated with oral herpes (cold sores) but can also lead to genital infections, and type 2, which primarily causes genital herpes. The testing process involves obtaining a specimen from an oral or genital lesion, the vitreous humor of the eye, or a blood sample. In the context of CPT® Code 87528, the specimen undergoes a specific incubation process with lysate to break down cells and release nucleic acids. Following this, probes that are specific to HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 are introduced to the sample, allowing for the detection of the virus. The results can indicate the presence of either type of HSV, which is crucial for diagnosis and subsequent management of the infection.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87528 is indicated for the detection of Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in patients who present with symptoms or conditions suggestive of an HSV infection. The following are specific indications for performing this test:

  • Suspected Herpes Simplex Infection: Patients exhibiting signs of oral or genital lesions that may be caused by HSV.
  • Ocular Infections: Individuals, particularly neonates or immunocompromised patients, who may have ocular infections related to HSV.
  • Central Nervous System Infections: Patients with neurological symptoms that could indicate HSV involvement in central nervous system infections.
  • Monitoring Recurrences: Patients with a history of HSV infections who require monitoring for reactivation of the virus.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87528 involves several detailed steps to ensure accurate detection of the Herpes simplex virus. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Specimen Collection: A specimen is collected from an appropriate source, which may include an oral or genital lesion, the vitreous humor of the eye, or a blood sample, depending on the clinical scenario.
  • Cell Lysis: The collected specimen is incubated with a lysate solution that ruptures all cells present in the sample. This step is crucial as it releases the nucleic acids necessary for the detection of the virus.
  • Sample Preparation: After cell lysis, the lysate containing the released nucleic acids is placed into a sample well on a test slide. This prepares the sample for the introduction of specific probes.
  • Probe Introduction: Probes that are specific for HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 are introduced to the sample. These probes are designed to bind to the nucleic acids of the virus if present.
  • Washing Steps: The slide undergoes a washing process to remove any cellular debris and unbound nucleic acids, ensuring that only the bound probes remain for detection.
  • Color Development: A second probe containing a color development substrate is added to the slide. This substrate will react with the enzyme added in the next step to produce a measurable color change.
  • Enzyme Addition: An enzyme is introduced to catalyze the color substrate, facilitating the development of a color signal that indicates the presence of HSV.
  • Detection: A luminometer is utilized to measure the color change, which confirms the presence of HSV-1 or HSV-2 based on the intensity of the signal produced.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure associated with CPT® Code 87528, the results are analyzed and reported. The expected outcome is a clear indication of whether HSV-1 or HSV-2 is present in the specimen. Clinicians may use this information to guide treatment decisions and patient management. It is important to note that if both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are tested, the appropriate codes for the direct or amplified probe must be reported for each serotype. Additionally, if quantification of the viral load is performed, the corresponding quantification procedure code should also be reported. Patients may be advised on follow-up care based on the results, particularly if an active infection is confirmed.

Short Descr HSV DNA DIR PROBE
Medium Descr IADNA HERPES SIMPLX VIRUS DIRECT PROBE TQ
Long Descr Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Herpes simplex virus, direct probe technique
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1998-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1998.
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