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Official Description

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycobacteria species, quantification

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87552 refers to a laboratory test designed for the detection of the infectious agent Mycobacteria species through the analysis of nucleic acids, specifically DNA or RNA. Mycobacteria species encompass a variety of gram-positive, acid-fast bacteria, including notable strains such as M. bovis, M. africanum, M. kansasii, M. gordanae, M. asiaticum, M. gastri, M. malmoense, M. marinum, M. scrofulaceum, M. simiae, and M. szulgai. Infections caused by these organisms can lead to a range of symptoms, which may vary based on the specific species involved. Common manifestations include respiratory illnesses and skin lesions, often characterized by a chronic and progressive nature. The testing process involves a direct probe test, which identifies a unique nucleic acid sequence known as the target sequence of the Mycobacteria organism, provided it is present in the respiratory or tissue sample collected. This probe is labeled with either fluorescent or chemiluminescent markers to facilitate detection. The sample undergoes treatment to release nucleic acids from the target organism, allowing the labeled probe to specifically bind to the matching target sequence, forming a stable hybrid. Ribosomal RNA is frequently the focus of these tests due to its abundance in microorganisms, as it exists in thousands of copies compared to the limited 1-2 copies found in genomic DNA. To enhance the sensitivity of the assay, an amplified probe technique is employed, which exponentially increases the target sequence of Mycobacteria DNA or RNA into millions of copies. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly utilized amplification method. Following amplification, the replicated sequences are identified using labeled DNA probes. The nucleic acid detection process, particularly with quantification, provides a measure of the number of microorganisms present in the sample. Quantitative or real-time PCR is often utilized to amplify the isolated nucleic acid segment, generating reports at each stage to document the absolute or relative amounts of the known nucleic acid sequence.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The CPT® Code 87552 is indicated for use in the detection and quantification of Mycobacteria species in clinical samples. The following conditions and symptoms may warrant the performance of this test:

  • Respiratory Illness Symptoms may include chronic cough, hemoptysis, and difficulty breathing, which can be indicative of pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacteria.
  • Skin Lesions The presence of chronic skin lesions may suggest cutaneous infections due to Mycobacteria species.
  • Progressive Symptoms Patients exhibiting progressive symptoms that do not respond to standard treatments may require testing to identify underlying Mycobacterial infections.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87552 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate detection and quantification of Mycobacteria species. The following procedural steps are outlined:

  • Sample Collection A respiratory or tissue sample is collected from the patient, which may include sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, or biopsy specimens. Proper collection techniques are essential to avoid contamination and ensure the integrity of the sample.
  • Nucleic Acid Extraction The collected sample undergoes treatment to release nucleic acids from the Mycobacteria organisms, if present. This step is crucial for isolating the target nucleic acids necessary for subsequent analysis.
  • Probe Hybridization A labeled probe, which is specific to the target nucleic acid sequence of the Mycobacteria, is introduced to the sample. The probe binds to the target sequence, forming a stable hybrid if the Mycobacteria are present.
  • Amplification of Nucleic Acids To enhance sensitivity, an amplification technique such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is employed. This process exponentially increases the amount of target nucleic acid, allowing for better detection.
  • Detection and Quantification The amplified nucleic acid sequences are then identified using labeled DNA probes. Quantitative or real-time PCR methods are utilized to assess the number of microorganisms present in the sample, generating reports that document the absolute or relative amounts of the nucleic acid sequence.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure associated with CPT® Code 87552, the laboratory will analyze the results and generate a report detailing the presence and quantity of Mycobacteria species detected in the sample. Clinicians will review these results to inform diagnosis and treatment decisions. It is important to note that the interpretation of results should be made in conjunction with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests. Follow-up care may be necessary based on the results, particularly if a Mycobacterial infection is confirmed, to ensure appropriate management and treatment of the patient.

Short Descr MYCOBACTERIA DNA QUANT
Medium Descr IADNA MYCOBACTERIA SPECIES QUANTIFICATION
Long Descr Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycobacteria species, quantification
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1998-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1998.
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