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Official Description

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycobacteria tuberculosis, quantification

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87557 refers to a laboratory test designed for the detection of the infectious agent Mycobacteria tuberculosis through the analysis of nucleic acids, specifically DNA or RNA. Mycobacteria tuberculosis is a gram-positive, acid-fast bacterium that is the causative agent of both latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis disease. This bacterium can affect the lungs as well as other areas of the body. Common symptoms associated with pulmonary tuberculosis include a persistent cough and chest pain, while systemic symptoms may encompass fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, fever, chills, and night sweats. Tuberculosis is transmitted from person to person primarily through respiratory secretions, making it highly contagious and potentially fatal if not treated appropriately. The testing process involves a direct probe test, which identifies a unique nucleic acid sequence known as the target sequence of the M. tuberculosis organism, provided it is present in the sample. This probe is labeled with either fluorescent or chemiluminescent markers. The sample undergoes treatment to release nucleic acids from the target organism, allowing the labeled probe to specifically bind to the matching target sequence, forming a stable hybrid. Ribosomal RNA is often the focus of these tests due to its abundance in microorganisms, as it is typically found in thousands of copies compared to the 1-2 copies of genomic DNA. In the amplified probe technique, which is represented by CPT® Code 87556, the sensitivity of the assay is significantly enhanced by exponentially multiplying the target sequence of M. tuberculosis DNA or RNA into millions of copies. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the most commonly employed amplification technique. Following amplification, the replicated sequences are identified using labeled DNA probes. The CPT® Code 87557 specifically pertains to the quantification of these amplified nucleic acid sequences, providing an assessment of the number of microorganisms present in the sample. Quantitative or real-time PCR is frequently utilized to amplify the isolated nucleic acid segment and generate a report documenting the absolute or relative amounts of the known nucleic acid sequence at each stage of the process.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The CPT® Code 87557 is indicated for the detection and quantification of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in patients who may be exhibiting symptoms of tuberculosis or who are at risk for the disease. The following conditions and symptoms may warrant the use of this test:

  • Active Tuberculosis Disease Symptoms such as persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, fever, chills, and night sweats may indicate the presence of active tuberculosis.
  • Latent Tuberculosis Infection Individuals who have been exposed to tuberculosis or have a positive tuberculin skin test may require testing to confirm the presence of the bacterium.
  • High-Risk Populations Individuals in high-risk groups, including those with compromised immune systems, healthcare workers, or individuals living in close quarters with infected persons, may be tested for early detection.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87557 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate detection and quantification of Mycobacteria tuberculosis. The following procedural steps are outlined:

  • Sample Collection A biological sample, typically sputum or other respiratory secretions, is collected from the patient. This sample is crucial for the subsequent analysis and must be handled according to laboratory protocols to prevent contamination.
  • Nucleic Acid Extraction The collected sample undergoes treatment to release nucleic acids from the Mycobacteria tuberculosis organism, if present. This step is essential for isolating the target nucleic acids that will be analyzed.
  • Probe Hybridization A labeled probe, which is specific to the target nucleic acid sequence of M. tuberculosis, is introduced to the sample. The probe binds to the target sequence, forming a stable hybrid if the target is present.
  • Amplification of Target Sequences In cases where the target nucleic acid is present, amplification techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are employed. This step exponentially increases the number of copies of the target sequence, enhancing the sensitivity of the test.
  • Quantification The amplified nucleic acid sequences are then quantified using quantitative or real-time PCR methods. This allows for the assessment of the number of Mycobacteria tuberculosis organisms present in the sample, providing valuable information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure associated with CPT® Code 87557, the laboratory will analyze the results and generate a report detailing the presence and quantity of Mycobacteria tuberculosis in the sample. Clinicians will review these results to determine the appropriate course of action for the patient, which may include further diagnostic testing, initiation of treatment, or monitoring of the patient's condition. It is important for healthcare providers to communicate the results to the patient and discuss any necessary follow-up care or additional testing that may be required based on the findings. Additionally, proper documentation of the test results and any subsequent actions taken is essential for compliance and continuity of care.

Short Descr M.TUBERCULO DNA QUANT
Medium Descr IADNA MYCOBACTERIA TUBERCULOSIS QUANTIFICATION
Long Descr Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycobacteria tuberculosis, quantification
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1998-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1998.
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