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Official Description

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycoplasma pneumoniae, direct probe technique

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87580 refers to a laboratory test designed for the detection of the infectious agent Mycoplasma pneumoniae through the use of nucleic acid techniques, specifically targeting DNA or RNA. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is classified as an atypical bacterium that is primarily transmitted via respiratory droplets. It is known to cause mild, self-limiting upper respiratory illnesses, which can manifest as pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, or pneumonia, particularly in children and young adults. The procedure utilizes a direct probe technique to identify a specific nucleic acid sequence, known as the target sequence, associated with the M. pneumoniae organism, should it be present in a sample taken from respiratory or other bodily fluids. In this testing process, the sample undergoes treatment to release nucleic acids from the target organism, if it exists. A labeled probe, which may utilize fluorescent or chemiluminescent markers, is then introduced to the sample. This probe is designed to bind specifically to the target sequence, forming a stable hybrid only when a match is found. The test often focuses on ribosomal RNA, as it is typically present in large quantities within microorganisms, in contrast to genomic DNA, which may only be found in one or two copies. For enhanced sensitivity, an amplified probe technique, referenced by CPT® Code 87581, can be employed, which involves exponentially multiplying the target sequence of M. pneumoniae DNA or RNA into millions of copies. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) are the most commonly utilized amplification methods. Following amplification, the replicated sequences are identified using labeled DNA probes. Additionally, CPT® Code 87582 pertains to nucleic acid detection with quantification, allowing for an assessment of the quantity of microorganisms present in the sample. This quantitative or real-time PCR method amplifies the isolated nucleic acid segment and generates reports at each stage to document the absolute or relative amounts of the known nucleic acid sequence.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87580 is indicated for the detection of the infectious agent Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. The following conditions may warrant the use of this test:

  • Upper Respiratory Illness Symptoms such as pharyngitis, tracheobronchitis, or pneumonia, particularly in children and young adults.
  • Suspected Mycoplasma Infection When there is a clinical suspicion of infection caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae based on patient history and presenting symptoms.
  • Diagnostic Confirmation To confirm the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in patients with atypical pneumonia or other respiratory illnesses.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87580 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Sample Collection A sample is collected from the patient, typically from respiratory secretions or other bodily fluids, which may contain the target organism.
  • Sample Treatment The collected sample is treated to release nucleic acids from the Mycoplasma pneumoniae organism, if present. This step is crucial for isolating the target nucleic acid sequences.
  • Probe Introduction A labeled probe, which is designed to bind specifically to the unique nucleic acid sequence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is introduced to the treated sample. The probe is labeled with either fluorescent or chemiluminescent markers to facilitate detection.
  • Hybridization The labeled probe hybridizes with the target sequence in the sample, forming a stable hybrid only if the target nucleic acid is present. This step is essential for confirming the presence of the organism.
  • Detection The hybridized complex is then detected using appropriate methods that identify the labeled probe, indicating the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the sample.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure associated with CPT® Code 87580, the laboratory will analyze the results to determine the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The expected outcome is a report detailing whether the target nucleic acid was detected in the sample. If the test is positive, it may lead to further clinical management and treatment decisions based on the confirmed diagnosis. Additionally, healthcare providers may consider follow-up testing or monitoring based on the patient's clinical status and response to any initiated treatment. It is important for healthcare professionals to interpret the results in conjunction with clinical findings and other diagnostic tests to ensure comprehensive patient care.

Short Descr M.PNEUMON DNA DIR PROBE
Medium Descr IADNA MYCOPLSM PNEUMONIAE DIRECT PROBE TQ
Long Descr Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Mycoplasma pneumoniae, direct probe technique
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1998-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1998.
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Description
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Description
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