CPT® Code 87806

Infectious agent antigen detection by immunoassay with direct optical (ie, visual) observation; HIV-1 antigen(s), with HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibodies

The CPT® Code 87806 refers to a specific diagnostic procedure used for the detection of infectious agents, specifically the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This procedure employs an immunoassay method that allows for the direct optical observation of HIV-1 antigens and the presence of antibodies for both HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV is a retrovirus that significantly impacts the immune system by targeting and destroying CD4+ positive T-cells, which are crucial for immune function. The transmission of HIV occurs through various means, including sexual contact, exposure to infected blood or blood products, and from an infected mother to her child during the perinatal period. HIV-1 is recognized as the primary cause of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) globally, while HIV-2 is more commonly found in West Africa. The detection of HIV antigens can occur in serum, plasma, and whole blood approximately 12 to 26 days following infection, while antibodies to the virus typically appear between 20 to 45 days post-infection. The procedure utilizing CPT® Code 87806 is particularly valuable in point-of-care settings, such as clinics and physician offices, where rapid screening is essential. The test is designed for at-risk, asymptomatic individuals, facilitating early detection and timely intervention. The testing process involves the use of a commercial test strip, such as the Alere Determine, where a sample is applied directly. In the case of serum or plasma samples, no additional steps are required, whereas whole blood samples necessitate the addition of a buffering solution. The test strip features both a control zone and a patient section, with results indicated by the presence of red lines that signify either a positive or negative result for the patient.