CPT® Code 90748

The CPT® Code 90748 refers to a combination vaccine known as the Hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib-HepB), which is administered via intramuscular injection. This vaccine serves a critical role in public health by providing active, long-term immunity against two significant pathogens: the hepatitis B virus and the Haemophilus influenzae type b bacterium. Unlike immune globulins that offer temporary, passive immunity, vaccines like Hib-HepB stimulate the recipient's immune system to recognize and combat these pathogens effectively. By introducing altered forms of the viruses or bacteria, the vaccine prompts the immune system to produce its own antibodies, thereby establishing a memory that enables the body to respond more robustly upon future exposures to these antigens. The hepatitis B component of the vaccine is particularly important as it protects against a chronic liver disease that can lead to severe health complications, including hospitalization and mortality. Furthermore, it plays a role in preventing long-term consequences such as hepatocellular carcinoma, marking it as one of the pioneering cancer vaccines in clinical use. The vaccine can be derived from the blood plasma of asymptomatic carriers or produced through recombinant technology, where a plasmid containing the hepatitis gene is inserted into baker's yeast, followed by purification processes to isolate the active components. In addition, the Hib component of the vaccine is crucial for safeguarding children under the age of five from serious infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b. This bacterium can lead to severe health issues, including pneumonia, epiglottitis (serious throat swelling), osteomyelitis (infection of the bones), and meningitis, which can result in lasting neurological damage such as brain injury and hearing loss. The Hib-HepB vaccine is administered intramuscularly, and this route of administration is essential for ensuring optimal absorption and immune response.