CPT® Code 91012

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The CPT® Code 91012 refers to an esophageal motility study that includes acid perfusion studies, which are essential diagnostic procedures used to evaluate the function of the esophagus and the gastroesophageal junction. This study is particularly valuable for identifying the underlying causes of swallowing difficulties and non-cardiac chest pain. During the esophageal motility study, the muscle contractions of the esophagus are assessed, providing critical insights into various esophageal disorders. One of the primary conditions diagnosed through this procedure is esophageal achalasia, a disorder characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax properly, leading to uncoordinated contractions in the thoracic esophagus. This results in a functional obstruction, making it difficult for food and liquids to pass into the stomach. To perform the study, a catheter equipped with a manometer is inserted through one of the nostrils after numbing it with lidocaine. The catheter is carefully advanced through the pharynx and into the esophagus, with the patient swallowing to facilitate its movement. The procedure involves measuring the contractility of the lower esophageal sphincter and the mid-esophagus at various points. In addition to the standard motility assessment, the 91012 code includes acid perfusion studies, where a mild hydrochloric acid solution is introduced into the esophagus through the catheter. This is followed by a saline solution, and the patient is asked to report any discomfort or pain experienced during the acid instillation. This dual approach helps differentiate between esophageal motility disorders and acid-related conditions, providing a comprehensive evaluation of esophageal function.