CPT® Code 26860

Arthrodesis of an interphalangeal (IP) joint is a surgical procedure aimed at fusing the bones of the joint to alleviate pain and restore stability, particularly in cases of arthritis or joint instability. The procedure involves making an incision over the affected IP joint, allowing access to the joint capsule. Once the joint is exposed, the surgeon inspects the joint surfaces and excises the articular cartilage from the phalangeal bones, which are the bones of the fingers or toes. This step is crucial as it prepares the surfaces for fusion by smoothing and reshaping them using a bur, ensuring that they can be held in the desired position for successful healing. In some cases, internal fixation devices such as pins or wires may be utilized to maintain the joint in the correct alignment until the fusion process is complete. After the joint surfaces are adequately prepared and fixed, the soft tissues surrounding the joint are meticulously repaired in layers to promote healing. Finally, a cast or splint is applied to immobilize the joint during the recovery phase. This procedure is specifically coded as CPT® 26860 for the fusion of a single IP joint, while additional joints are coded separately under CPT® 26861. In more complex cases, where a bone graft is required, the procedure is classified under CPT® codes 26862 and 26863, which involve harvesting bone from the patient, typically from the iliac crest, to aid in the fusion process.