CPT® Code 26862

Arthrodesis of an interphalangeal (IP) joint, as described by CPT® Code 26862, is a surgical procedure aimed at fusing the bones of the IP joint to alleviate pain and restore stability, particularly in cases of arthritis or joint instability. The procedure involves making an incision over the affected IP joint, allowing the surgeon to access the joint capsule. During the operation, the joint surfaces are carefully inspected, and any damaged articular cartilage is excised from the surfaces of the phalangeal bones. The articular surfaces are then smoothed and reshaped using a surgical bur, which prepares them for fusion by ensuring they fit together properly. In cases where additional support is necessary, internal fixation devices such as pins or wires may be employed to hold the joint in the correct position while the fusion process occurs. This procedure may also involve the use of an autograft, which is a bone graft harvested from the patient's own body, typically from the iliac crest. The harvesting process includes making a skin incision over the iliac crest, stripping the muscle to expose the bone surface, and obtaining either cortical or cancellous bone. The harvested bone is then shaped to fit the defect in the joint, or it may be morcellized and packed into the joint space to facilitate fusion. CPT® Code 26862 specifically refers to the fusion of a single IP joint using an autograft, while codes 26860 and 26861 are designated for fusions without grafting and for additional joints, respectively. This procedure is critical for patients suffering from debilitating joint conditions, as it aims to provide long-term relief and improved function of the affected digit.