CPT® Code 27441

Arthroplasty of the knee, specifically the tibial plateau, is a surgical procedure aimed at addressing degenerative joint disease affecting the knee joint. The knee joint comprises two primary components: the medial and lateral tibial plateaus, which articulate with the corresponding femoral condyles. This procedure is indicated when the articular surface of the proximal tibia, which includes the medial and lateral plateaus along with the intercondylar eminence, has deteriorated due to conditions such as osteoarthritis or other degenerative diseases. The surgery involves making an incision over the affected area of the knee, either on the anteromedial or anterolateral aspect, depending on which plateau is involved. During the operation, the joint capsule is incised to allow for inspection of the medial and/or lateral compartments. The preparation of the proximal tibial surface is critical, utilizing alignment rods to ensure the correct positioning of the joint components. If there are any contracted ligaments due to the degenerative process, they are released to restore proper function. A trial component is placed to assess the range of motion before the final tibial component, which includes a metal tray and spacer, is secured to the tibia using bone cement or screws. The procedure also includes debridement and partial synovectomy, where damaged tissues such as bone spurs and inflamed synovium are excised, ensuring a thorough approach to restoring knee function and alleviating pain.