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Official Description

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or pyelolithotomy, lithotripsy, stone extraction, antegrade ureteroscopy, antegrade stent placement and nephrostomy tube placement, when performed, including imaging guidance; simple (eg, stone[s] up to 2 cm in single location of kidney or renal pelvis, nonbranching stones)

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 50080 involves the removal of renal calculi, commonly known as kidney stones, using a percutaneous approach. This technique is minimally invasive and is performed under imaging guidance, typically fluoroscopy, to ensure accurate placement and navigation within the kidney. The process begins with the preparation of the skin at the designated puncture site, which is thoroughly cleansed, followed by the administration of a local anesthetic to minimize discomfort during the procedure. A needle is then carefully advanced through the skin and into the kidney, allowing for the introduction of a guidewire. This guidewire facilitates the placement of a sheath, through which a rigid nephroscope is inserted to visualize the stone. Once the stone is located, various lithotripsy methods, including ultrasound, electrohydraulics, pneumatic lithotripters, or laser technology, are employed to fragment the stone into smaller pieces. These fragments are subsequently extracted using specialized tools such as forceps or suction devices. In cases where stones are located in the calyces, a flexible nephroscope may be utilized to navigate through anatomical curves, allowing for effective fragmentation and removal of the stones. Following the nephrolithotomy, antegrade ureteroscopy is performed to ensure that no residual stone fragments remain in the ureter. This involves passing a flexible ureteroscope through the access sheath to examine the ureter and ureteropelvic junction. Any small fragments can be removed with a basket extractor, while larger stones may require additional fragmentation before removal. After confirming that the ureter is clear, the nephroscope is withdrawn, and a nephrostomy tube is placed to facilitate drainage from the kidney. Throughout the procedure, careful monitoring of fluids and pressures is conducted, and the ipsilateral lung is assessed for potential complications such as hydrothorax or pneumothorax. This code is specifically applicable for the removal of simple, unbranched stones measuring up to 2 cm in a single location within the kidney or renal pelvis.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 50080 is indicated for the treatment of renal calculi, specifically in cases where the stones are simple, nonbranching, and located in a single location within the kidney or renal pelvis. The following conditions may warrant the performance of this procedure:

  • Simple Renal Calculi The presence of stones up to 2 cm in size that are not branching and are located in a single area of the kidney or renal pelvis.

2. Procedure

The procedure begins with the preparation of the patient and the surgical site. The skin over the planned puncture site is cleansed thoroughly to reduce the risk of infection. A local anesthetic is then injected to ensure the patient remains comfortable during the procedure. Following this, a needle is carefully punctured through the skin and advanced into the kidney under fluoroscopic guidance, which allows for real-time imaging to ensure accurate placement.

  • Needle Puncture and Guidewire Placement Once the needle is in the correct position, a guidewire is advanced through the needle. This guidewire serves as a pathway for the subsequent placement of a sheath, which is necessary for the introduction of the nephroscope.
  • Introduction of Nephroscope A rigid nephroscope is then inserted through the sheath to visualize the stone. This instrument allows the surgeon to see the stone directly and assess its size and location.
  • Fragmentation of Stone A handheld lithotripter is introduced through the nephroscope. The lithotripter is activated to fragment the stone using various methods, including ultrasound, electrohydraulics, pneumatic lithotripters, or laser technology. The fragments created during this process are then removed using forceps or suction.
  • Accessing Calyceal Stones If stones are located in the calyces, a flexible nephroscope is utilized to navigate through any anatomical angulations. The stones are fragmented with a laser and removed using a stone basket extractor.
  • Antegrade Ureteroscopy After the stones have been addressed, antegrade ureteroscopy is performed to ensure that no fragments remain in the ureter. A flexible ureteroscope is passed through the access sheath to the ureteropelvic junction and along the ureter, allowing for a thorough assessment of the ureter for any primary stones, fragments, or potential injury.
  • Removal of Fragments Small stones or fragments identified during the ureteroscopy are removed using a basket extractor. Larger stones may require fragmentation using a laser fiber before they can be removed or irrigated down the ureter.
  • Completion of Procedure Once all stones have been successfully fragmented and removed, the nephroscope is withdrawn. A nephrostomy tube is then placed to ensure proper drainage from the kidney, and its positioning is verified to confirm effective drainage.
  • Monitoring Throughout the procedure, the surgical team monitors fluids and pressures, and checks the ipsilateral lung for any signs of hydrothorax or pneumothorax, which are potential complications associated with this procedure.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure, patients are typically monitored for any immediate complications and to ensure that the nephrostomy tube is functioning properly. Post-procedural care may include managing pain, monitoring for signs of infection, and ensuring adequate drainage from the nephrostomy tube. Patients may also be advised on hydration and follow-up appointments to assess kidney function and the need for any further interventions. It is essential to monitor the patient for any complications such as bleeding or infection, and to provide appropriate follow-up care to ensure a successful recovery.

Short Descr PERQ NL/PL LITHOTRP SMPL<2CM
Medium Descr PERQ NL/PL LITHOTRP SIMPLE UP TO 2 CM 1 LOCATION
Long Descr Percutaneous nephrolithotomy or pyelolithotomy, lithotripsy, stone extraction, antegrade ureteroscopy, antegrade stent placement and nephrostomy tube placement, when performed, including imaging guidance; simple (eg, stone[s] up to 2 cm in single location of kidney or renal pelvis, nonbranching stones)
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 1 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures applies.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 1 - Statutory payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Hospital Part B services paid through a comprehensive APC
ASC Payment Indicator Non office-based surgical procedure added in CY 2008 or later; payment based on OPPS relative payment weight.
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 103 - Nephrotomy and nephrostomy
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
50 Bilateral procedure: unless otherwise identified in the listings, bilateral procedures that are performed at the same session, should be identified by adding modifier 50 to the appropriate 5 digit code. note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
53 Discontinued procedure: under certain circumstances, the physician or other qualified health care professional may elect to terminate a surgical or diagnostic procedure. due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient, it may be necessary to indicate that a surgical or diagnostic procedure was started but discontinued. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 53 to the code reported by the individual for the discontinued procedure. note: this modifier is not used to report the elective cancellation of a procedure prior to the patient's anesthesia induction and/or surgical preparation in the operating suite. for outpatient hospital/ambulatory surgery center (asc) reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
58 Staged or related procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was: (a) planned or anticipated (staged); (b) more extensive than the original procedure; or (c) for therapy following a surgical procedure. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 58 to the staged or related procedure. note: for treatment of a problem that requires a return to the operating/procedure room (eg, unanticipated clinical condition), see modifier 78.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2023-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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