CPT® Code 53854

Transurethral water vapor thermotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure designed to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a condition characterized by the enlargement of the prostate gland that can lead to various lower urinary tract symptoms. This innovative technique utilizes thermal energy generated from steam to ablate prostate tissue effectively. The procedure employs radiofrequency energy to convert small amounts of water into vapor, which is then delivered directly into the hypertrophied prostatic tissue. The process involves a unique method of heat transfer known as convective heat transfer, which is more efficient than conductive heat transfer, allowing for targeted treatment of the affected areas. Patients typically receive oral pain medication or anxiolytics, and in some cases, conscious sedation is administered to enhance comfort during the procedure. A prostate block may also be utilized to further minimize discomfort. The procedure is performed with the patient positioned in lithotomy, and a specialized hand-held delivery device is inserted into the urethra, allowing for direct visualization of the prostate through a lens. This approach ensures precision in targeting the lateral or median lobes of the prostate, where the needle is positioned to deliver the therapeutic vapor. As the vapor is injected, it rapidly converts back to water, releasing energy that disrupts cell membranes and leads to immediate cell death. The needle is systematically retracted and repositioned to ensure comprehensive ablation of the prostatic tissue. Over time, the body reabsorbs the ablated tissue, resulting in a reduction of prostate volume and alleviation of urinary symptoms.