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Official Description

Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; complete, including bending views, minimum of 6 views

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A radiologic examination of the lumbosacral spine is a diagnostic imaging procedure that utilizes X-ray technology to visualize the lower back region, specifically the lumbar and sacral vertebrae. This examination is crucial for assessing various conditions affecting the spine, such as fractures, degenerative diseases, or abnormalities in alignment. The procedure typically involves capturing multiple views of the spine, including frontal, posteroanterior, and lateral projections, which are essential for providing a comprehensive assessment of the spinal structures. X-rays operate by using indirect ionizing radiation, which interacts with the body's tissues. Due to the varying densities and compositions of human tissue, some X-rays are absorbed while others pass through, allowing for the creation of a two-dimensional image on a detector positioned behind the patient. In the case of a complete lumbosacral spine examination, a minimum of six views is required, which may include additional angles such as oblique views and bending positions. These bending views are particularly important as they help evaluate the spine's flexibility and stability. The procedure may involve the patient sitting on a stool to maintain proper positioning while flexing the back to each side, ensuring that the torso remains in contact with the stool to prevent movement that could compromise the imaging results. This thorough approach is often initiated with anteroposterior and lateral views to 'clear' the spine before proceeding to more complex angles, especially in trauma evaluations.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The lumbosacral spine radiologic examination is indicated for a variety of clinical scenarios, including:

  • Evaluation of Trauma: This examination is performed to assess potential injuries to the lumbosacral region following an accident or fall.
  • Assessment of Pain: It is indicated for patients experiencing unexplained lower back pain, helping to identify underlying causes such as fractures or degenerative changes.
  • Investigation of Abnormalities: The procedure is used to investigate structural abnormalities, such as scoliosis or other deformities of the spine.
  • Preoperative Planning: It may be necessary for surgical planning in cases where surgical intervention is being considered for spinal conditions.

2. Procedure

The procedure for a complete lumbosacral spine radiologic examination involves several key steps:

  • Patient Positioning: The patient is positioned appropriately, often standing or sitting, to ensure optimal imaging angles. Proper alignment is crucial to obtain accurate views of the spine.
  • Initial Views: The technologist typically begins by capturing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views of the lumbosacral spine. These initial images serve to 'clear' the spine and provide a baseline for further imaging.
  • Oblique Views: Following the initial views, oblique angles may be taken. These views are essential for visualizing the facet joints and intervertebral foramina, which may not be adequately seen in standard views.
  • Bending Views: The examination includes bending views, where the patient flexes the spine to each side while maintaining contact with a stool. This step assesses the spine's flexibility and stability under movement.
  • Image Capture: A minimum of six views are captured throughout the procedure, ensuring comprehensive coverage of the lumbosacral region. The images are then reviewed for quality and clarity.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the lumbosacral spine radiologic examination, the patient may be instructed to resume normal activities unless otherwise advised. The images obtained will be analyzed by a radiologist, who will interpret the findings and provide a report to the referring physician. Depending on the results, further diagnostic testing or treatment may be recommended. It is important for the patient to follow up with their healthcare provider to discuss the results and any necessary next steps in their care.

Short Descr X-RAY EXAM L-S SPINE BENDING
Medium Descr RADEX SPINE LUMBSCRL COMPL W/BENDING VIEWS MIN 6
Long Descr Radiologic examination, spine, lumbosacral; complete, including bending views, minimum of 6 views
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 1 - Diagnostic Tests for Radiology Services
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator STV-Packaged Codes
ASC Payment Indicator Packaged service/item; no separate payment made.
Type of Service (TOS) 4 - Diagnostic Radiology
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) I1B - Standard imaging - musculoskeletal
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 226 - Other diagnostic radiology and related techniques
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
FY X-ray taken using computed radiography technology/cassette-based imaging
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
FX X-ray taken using film
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
25 Significant, separately identifiable evaluation and management service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional on the same day of the procedure or other service: it may be necessary to indicate that on the day a procedure or service identified by a cpt code was performed, the patient's condition required a significant, separately identifiable e/m service above and beyond the other service provided or beyond the usual preoperative and postoperative care associated with the procedure that was performed. a significant, separately identifiable e/m service is defined or substantiated by documentation that satisfies the relevant criteria for the respective e/m service to be reported (see evaluation and management services guidelines for instructions on determining level of e/m service). the e/m service may be prompted by the symptom or condition for which the procedure and/or service was provided. as such, different diagnoses are not required for reporting of the e/m services on the same date. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 25 to the appropriate level of e/m service. note: this modifier is not used to report an e/m service that resulted in a decision to perform surgery. see modifier 57 for significant, separately identifiable non-e/m services, see modifier 59.
52 Reduced services: under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the discretion of the physician or other qualified health care professional. under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced. this provides a means of reporting reduced services without disturbing the identification of the basic service. note: for hospital outpatient reporting of a previously scheduled procedure/service that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well-being of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia, see modifiers 73 and 74 (see modifiers approved for asc hospital outpatient use).
79 Unrelated procedure or service by the same physician or other qualified health care professional during the postoperative period: the individual may need to indicate that the performance of a procedure or service during the postoperative period was unrelated to the original procedure. this circumstance may be reported by using modifier 79. (for repeat procedures on the same day, see modifier 76.)
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GP Services delivered under an outpatient physical therapy plan of care
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GX Notice of liability issued, voluntary under payer policy
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
MA Ordering professional is not required to consult a clinical decision support mechanism due to service being rendered to a patient with a suspected or confirmed emergency medical condition
MH Unknown if ordering professional consulted a clinical decision support mechanism for this service, related information was not provided to the furnishing professional or provider
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q5 Service furnished under a reciprocal billing arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Short Descriptor changed.
2012-01-01 Changed Description Changed
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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