CPT® Code 86171

Official Description

Complement fixation tests, each antigen

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 86171 refers to complement fixation tests, which are immunological assays performed to measure the ability of antibodies in serum to fix complement in the presence of specific antigens. This process is crucial for identifying the presence of certain antibodies or antigens, which can indicate various infections or immune responses. The test is particularly significant in diagnosing infections caused by pathogens such as Neisseria Gonorrheae, as it can reveal the presence of total antibodies against this bacterium. Although complement fixation tests have been a traditional method for serological testing, they have largely been supplanted by more modern techniques such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) due to their increased sensitivity and specificity. The procedure involves obtaining a blood sample through venipuncture, which is separately reportable, and then analyzing the serum using a semiquantitative approach to assess complement fixation. This test is reported for each antigen tested, making it essential for accurate coding and billing in laboratory services.

1. Indications

The complement fixation test (CPT® Code 86171) is indicated for the following conditions:

Detection of Antibodies This test is performed to identify the presence of specific antibodies in the serum, particularly in relation to infections caused by Neisseria Gonorrheae.
Assessment of Past or Current Infections The titer obtained from this test may be elevated in individuals with past or current infections, aiding in the diagnosis and management of such conditions.

2. Procedure

The procedure for conducting the complement fixation test involves several key steps, which are detailed below:

Step 1: Blood Sample Collection A blood sample is obtained from the patient through a process known as venipuncture. This step is crucial as it provides the serum needed for the test. The venipuncture must be performed in a sterile manner to prevent contamination and ensure accurate results.
Step 2: Serum Preparation Once the blood sample is collected, it is allowed to clot, and then the serum is separated from the cellular components. This serum is what will be tested for complement fixation.
Step 3: Testing for Complement Fixation The serum is then subjected to a semiquantitative analysis where it is mixed with specific antigens. The ability of the antibodies in the serum to fix complement in the presence of these antigens is measured. This step is critical as it determines the presence and level of antibodies against the tested antigens.
Step 4: Reporting Results The results of the complement fixation test are reported for each antigen tested. This allows for a comprehensive understanding of the patient's immune response and aids in the diagnosis of infections.

3. Post-Procedure

After the complement fixation test is completed, the patient may experience minimal discomfort at the venipuncture site, which typically resolves quickly. There are no specific post-procedure care instructions required for this test; however, it is essential to monitor the patient for any unusual reactions. The results of the test will be analyzed and reported, providing valuable information regarding the patient's immune status and potential infections. Follow-up with the healthcare provider is recommended to discuss the results and any necessary further actions based on the findings.

Short Descr	COMPLEMENT FIXATION EACH
Medium Descr	COMPLEMENT FIXATION TESTS EACH ANTIGEN
Long Descr	Complement fixation tests, each antigen
Status Code	Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions	09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW)	No
APC Status Indicator	Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS)	5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE	2
CCS Clinical Classification	235 - Other Laboratory

90	Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
CC	Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
QJ	Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)