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Official Description

Immunofixation electrophoresis; serum

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 86334 refers to the procedure known as immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) performed on serum. This laboratory test is designed to detect and analyze specific proteins in the blood, particularly focusing on identifying abnormal proteins, the absence of normal proteins, and variations in the levels of certain protein groups. The test is particularly valuable in diagnosing a range of medical conditions, including inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, acute or chronic infections, and various kidney and liver disorders. Additionally, it is instrumental in identifying protein-losing conditions and multiple myeloma, a type of blood cancer characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells. The process involves obtaining a blood sample through a separate venipuncture, which is a procedure where a needle is inserted into a vein to draw blood. Once the serum is collected, it undergoes qualitative immunofixation electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on their size and charge, allowing for the identification of specific protein abnormalities. The results obtained from this test should be interpreted in conjunction with quantitative immunoglobulin level tests and other relevant clinical or laboratory data to provide a comprehensive understanding of the patient's health status. It is important to note that while CPT® Code 86334 pertains specifically to serum testing, there is a related code, CPT® Code 86335, which is used for performing the same test on urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), or other body fluids, particularly for identifying Beta-2 transferrin, a marker indicative of cerebral spinal fluid leaks.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) test, represented by CPT® Code 86334, is indicated for the evaluation of various medical conditions. The following are the specific indications for performing this procedure:

  • Inflammatory Conditions The test helps in identifying the presence of proteins associated with inflammation in the body.
  • Autoimmune Diseases IFE is useful in diagnosing autoimmune disorders where the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
  • Acute or Chronic Infections The test can detect abnormal protein levels that may indicate ongoing infections.
  • Kidney Disorders IFE assists in identifying protein abnormalities related to kidney dysfunction.
  • Liver Disorders The test can reveal protein changes associated with liver diseases.
  • Protein-Losing Conditions IFE is utilized to diagnose conditions where the body loses proteins abnormally.
  • Multiple Myeloma The test is critical in diagnosing and monitoring multiple myeloma, a cancer of plasma cells.

2. Procedure

The procedure for immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE) as described by CPT® Code 86334 involves several key steps that ensure accurate testing and results. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A blood sample is obtained from the patient through a venipuncture. This involves inserting a needle into a vein, typically in the arm, to draw blood. The collected blood is then placed in a serum separator tube to allow for the separation of serum from the cellular components of the blood.
  • Step 2: Serum Preparation After the blood sample is collected, it is processed to isolate the serum. This is done by centrifuging the blood sample, which separates the serum from the red and white blood cells. The serum is the liquid portion that contains the proteins to be analyzed.
  • Step 3: Electrophoresis The prepared serum is subjected to immunofixation electrophoresis. In this step, the serum proteins are separated based on their size and charge by applying an electric current to the serum sample placed in a gel medium. This process allows for the identification of different protein bands.
  • Step 4: Immunofixation Following electrophoresis, specific antibodies are added to the gel to bind to the target proteins. This step is crucial as it helps to visualize the presence of abnormal proteins or the absence of normal proteins in the serum sample.
  • Step 5: Interpretation of Results After the immunofixation process, the gel is analyzed to determine the presence of abnormal protein patterns. The results are then correlated with quantitative immunoglobulin levels and other clinical data to provide a comprehensive assessment of the patient's condition.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for patients undergoing immunofixation electrophoresis (CPT® Code 86334) is generally minimal, as the procedure is non-invasive and involves only a blood draw. Patients may experience slight discomfort or bruising at the venipuncture site, which typically resolves quickly. It is advisable for patients to hydrate adequately after the procedure to facilitate recovery. The results of the test are usually available within a few days, and healthcare providers will discuss the findings with the patient, correlating them with other laboratory tests and clinical evaluations to determine the appropriate course of action based on the results.

Short Descr IMMUNOFIX E-PHORESIS SERUM
Medium Descr IMMUNOFIXJ ELECTROPHORESIS SERUM
Long Descr Immunofixation electrophoresis; serum
Status Code Active Code
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 6 - Laboratory Physician Interpretation Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 0 - No payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 0 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery applies to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 0 - Co-surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 2
CCS Clinical Classification 235 - Other Laboratory
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
SA Nurse practitioner rendering service in collaboration with a physician
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
Q0 Investigational clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
56 Preoperative management only: when 1 physician or other qualified health care professional performed the preoperative care and evaluation and another performed the surgical procedure, the preoperative component may be identified by adding modifier 56 to the usual procedure number.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
95 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via a real-time interactive audio and video telecommunications system: synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that would be sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction. modifier 95 may only be appended to the services listed in appendix p. appendix p is the list of cpt codes for services that are typically performed face-to-face, but may be rendered via a real-time (synchronous) interactive audio and video telecommunications system.
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AY Item or service furnished to an esrd patient that is not for the treatment of esrd
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Q3 Live kidney donor surgery and related services
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
QJ Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
X4 Episodic/focused services: for reporting services by clinicians who provide focused care on particular types of treatment limited to a defined period and circumstance; the patient has a problem, acute or chronic, that will be treated with surgery, radiation, or some other type of generally time-limited intervention; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the orthopedic surgeon performing a knee replacement and seeing the patient through the postoperative period
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
2005-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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Description
Code
Description
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