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Official Description

Culture, bacterial; with isolation and presumptive identification of each isolate, urine

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

A laboratory test known as CPT® Code 87088 is utilized to culture bacteria from urine samples, allowing for the isolation and presumptive identification of each bacterial isolate present. This procedure is critical in diagnosing urinary tract infections (UTIs), which can manifest as acute or chronic conditions, including pyelonephritis (kidney infection), cystitis (bladder infection), urethritis (infection of the urethra), or acute urethral syndrome (a specific type of urethral infection). The process begins with the collection of a urine sample, which can be obtained through various methods such as clean catch, mid-stream void, or catheterization, ensuring that the sample is as uncontaminated as possible. Once the urine specimen is collected, it is inoculated onto agar plates using a calibrated loop, which allows for the growth of bacteria in a controlled environment. The plates are then incubated to promote bacterial growth, and semi-quantitative colony counts are performed to assess the number of bacteria present. A colony count of 10,000 colony-forming units per milliliter (cfu/mL) typically suggests the presence of a pathogen, while a count of 100,000 cfu/mL is considered significant for diagnosing a urinary tract infection. Following the growth phase, each isolated bacterial colony is subjected to further examination using either conventional or rapid identification techniques to accurately determine the specific pathogen involved. The reporting of CPT® Code 87088 is applicable for each bacterial isolate identified during this testing process.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87088 is indicated for the evaluation of patients who may be experiencing symptoms related to urinary tract infections (UTIs). The following conditions warrant the performance of this bacterial culture:

  • Acute Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) Symptoms such as dysuria (painful urination), increased frequency of urination, urgency, and suprapubic pain may indicate an acute UTI.
  • Chronic Urinary Tract Infection Patients with recurrent UTIs may require this test to identify persistent bacterial pathogens.
  • Pyelonephritis This condition, characterized by kidney infection, may present with fever, flank pain, and systemic symptoms, necessitating bacterial culture for diagnosis.
  • Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder often leads to symptoms that require confirmation of bacterial presence through culture.
  • Urethritis Infection of the urethra can cause discomfort and requires identification of the causative organism.
  • Acute Urethral Syndrome This condition, which involves infection of the urethra, may present with similar symptoms to a UTI and requires culture for accurate diagnosis.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87088 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate isolation and identification of bacteria from urine samples. The following procedural steps are performed:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A urine sample is collected using one of three methods: clean catch, mid-stream void, or catheterization. Each method is designed to minimize contamination and ensure that the sample reflects the true bacterial content of the urine.
  • Step 2: Inoculation The collected urine specimen is then inoculated onto agar plates using a calibrated loop. This step is crucial as it allows for the growth of bacteria in a controlled environment, facilitating the subsequent identification process.
  • Step 3: Incubation The inoculated agar plates are incubated under specific conditions that promote bacterial growth. This incubation period is essential for allowing the bacteria to multiply to detectable levels.
  • Step 4: Colony Count After incubation, semi-quantitative colony counts are performed to determine the number of bacteria present in the urine sample. A count of 10,000 cfu/mL typically indicates the presence of a pathogen, while a count of 100,000 cfu/mL is significant for diagnosing a urinary tract infection.
  • Step 5: Identification of Isolates Each isolated bacterial colony is examined using either conventional or rapid identification techniques. This step is critical for determining the specific pathogens present in the urine sample, which informs treatment decisions.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following the bacterial culture involves monitoring the patient for symptoms of urinary tract infections and reviewing the culture results for appropriate treatment. Once the bacterial isolates are identified, healthcare providers can tailor antibiotic therapy based on the specific pathogens and their susceptibility patterns. It is important for patients to follow up with their healthcare provider to discuss the results and any necessary treatment adjustments. Additionally, patients may be advised on preventive measures to reduce the risk of future urinary tract infections.

Short Descr URINE BACTERIA CULTURE
Medium Descr CULTURE BCT ISOL&PRSMPTV ID ISOLATE EA URINE
Long Descr Culture, bacterial; with isolation and presumptive identification of each isolate, urine
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1F - Lab tests - bacterial cultures
MUE 3
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
95 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via a real-time interactive audio and video telecommunications system: synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that would be sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction. modifier 95 may only be appended to the services listed in appendix p. appendix p is the list of cpt codes for services that are typically performed face-to-face, but may be rendered via a real-time (synchronous) interactive audio and video telecommunications system.
AY Item or service furnished to an esrd patient that is not for the treatment of esrd
KX Requirements specified in the medical policy have been met
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
QJ Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)
QW Clia waived test
SA Nurse practitioner rendering service in collaboration with a physician
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
Date
Action
Notes
2007-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2001-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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Description
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