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Official Description

Smear, primary source with interpretation; fluorescent and/or acid fast stain for bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses or cell types

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87206 refers to a laboratory procedure known as a smear, which is performed on a primary source with interpretation. This test utilizes fluorescent and/or acid fast staining techniques to identify various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses, or specific cell types present in body fluids or tissues. The procedure is particularly useful for analyzing samples such as gastric aspirate, urine, vitreous fluid, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), respiratory secretions, and other body tissues. The acid fast stain technique, which employs auramine O, is specifically designed to color the cells found in sputum or respiratory secretions, aiding in the identification of organisms like mycoplasma and actinomycetes. Additionally, KOH stain and Calcofluor White stain are utilized to detect free-living amoebae in samples from CSF, corneal scrapings, vitreous fluid, and tissue. During the procedure, a drop of the suspended culture or cell material is carefully applied in a thin layer onto a microscope slide using an inoculation hook, followed by heat fixation. The slide is then stained, and a thorough examination is conducted under a microscope to identify and count the microorganisms or cell types present. The findings are documented in a written report, providing essential information for diagnosis and treatment planning.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87206 is indicated for the identification of various microorganisms and cell types in clinical specimens. The following conditions or situations may warrant the performance of this test:

  • Bacterial Infections Identification of specific bacteria in body fluids or tissues to assist in diagnosing infections.
  • Fungal Infections Detection of fungi in samples such as respiratory secretions or tissue to confirm fungal infections.
  • Parasitic Infections Identification of parasites in body fluids, which is crucial for diagnosing parasitic diseases.
  • Viral Infections Assessment of viral presence in various specimens to aid in the diagnosis of viral infections.
  • Cell Type Analysis Evaluation of cell types in body fluids or tissues for diagnostic purposes, including cancer detection or other cellular abnormalities.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87206 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate identification of microorganisms and cell types. The following outlines the procedural steps:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A sample is collected from the primary source, which may include body fluids such as gastric aspirate, urine, vitreous fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or respiratory secretions. The choice of sample depends on the clinical indication for testing.
  • Step 2: Preparation of the Slide A drop of the collected sample is placed onto a clean microscope slide. An inoculation hook is used to spread the sample into a thin layer, ensuring an even distribution of the material across the slide.
  • Step 3: Heat Fixation The slide is subjected to heat fixation, which involves passing it through a flame. This step is crucial as it adheres the cells to the slide and kills any live microorganisms, preserving the sample for staining.
  • Step 4: Staining The prepared slide is stained using fluorescent and/or acid fast staining techniques. Auramine O is typically used for acid fast staining, which highlights specific bacteria, while KOH and Calcofluor White stains may be applied to identify fungi and parasites.
  • Step 5: Microscopic Examination After staining, the slide is examined under a microscope. The technician or pathologist identifies and counts the microorganisms, fungi, parasites, or cell types present in the sample.
  • Step 6: Reporting Findings A written report is generated, detailing the findings from the microscopic examination. This report includes the identification of any microorganisms or cell types observed, which is essential for clinical decision-making.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for CPT® Code 87206 typically involves the proper disposal of biological materials and cleaning of the workspace to maintain laboratory safety standards. The results of the smear test are usually communicated to the requesting physician or healthcare provider, who will interpret the findings in the context of the patient's clinical picture. Follow-up actions may include further testing or treatment based on the identified microorganisms or cell types. It is important for healthcare providers to discuss the results with patients and outline any necessary next steps in their care plan.

Short Descr SMEAR FLUORESCENT/ACID STAI
Medium Descr SMR PRIM SRC FLUORESCENT&/AFS BCT FNGI PARASIT
Long Descr Smear, primary source with interpretation; fluorescent and/or acid fast stain for bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses or cell types
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 6
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
2001-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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