CPT® Code 93701

Bioimpedance-derived physiologic cardiovascular analysis, identified by CPT® Code 93701, is a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that evaluates cardiac physiology. This technique, often referred to as thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB), utilizes a method known as plethysmography to assess various cardiovascular parameters. The primary purpose of bioimpedance analysis is to measure critical metrics such as cardiac output, which indicates the volume of blood the heart pumps per minute, and respiration rates. The advanced bioimpedance technology enables the measurement of several key indices, including cardiac index (CI), stroke index (SI), heart and respiratory rates, ventricular ejection time, pre-ejection period, ejection phase contractility index, inotropic state index, estimation of ejection fraction, and end-diastolic index. During the procedure, eight electrodes—four positioned on each side—are strategically placed over the lateral aspects of the neck and chest or upper abdomen. These electrodes are connected to a bioimpedance machine via cables. A low magnitude electrical current is then passed through the thorax, running parallel to the spine between the electrodes located in the neck and upper abdomen. As this current traverses the thorax, it primarily flows through the thoracic aorta and the inferior and superior vena cava, allowing for the collection of electrical signals. The bioimpedance machine records these signals and generates a printed output detailing the various cardiovascular parameters assessed. Subsequently, a physician reviews and interprets the data, culminating in a comprehensive written report of the findings, which aids in the evaluation of the patient's cardiovascular health.