CPT® Code 96440

CPT® Code 96440 refers to the administration of chemotherapy directly into the pleural cavity, a procedure that necessitates and includes thoracentesis. This process involves the injection of one or more antineoplastic drugs, which are medications used to treat cancer, directly into the pleural space—the area between the lungs and the chest wall. The procedure begins with the physician inserting a chest tube into the pleural cavity, which is essential for both the administration of the chemotherapy and the drainage of any excess fluid that may be present. Prior to the procedure, the skin over the insertion site is thoroughly cleansed, and a local anesthetic is administered to minimize discomfort for the patient. A small incision is made between the ribs, either on the side or the front of the chest, and a trocar is utilized to puncture the pleural cavity. This step creates a small track through the chest wall, allowing for the insertion of the tube. Once the tube is in place, any fluid in the pleural cavity is drained, and the antineoplastic drugs are infused through the chest tube. The positioning of the tube may be adjusted as necessary to ensure effective drug delivery. The chemotherapy agents are typically left in the pleural cavity for a specified duration, after which the pleural cavity is drained by connecting the chest tube to a thoracic drainage and collection system. The chest tube remains in situ until the drainage process is complete, ensuring that the pleural space is adequately managed throughout the treatment.