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Official Description

Medical testimony

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

Medical testimony refers to the process by which physicians and other licensed healthcare professionals are requested to analyze a specific case and offer their expert medical opinions. This can encompass a variety of activities, including but not limited to, providing depositions, reviewing deposition transcripts, examining patient or client records, and delivering direct medical testimony in a courtroom setting before a judge and jury. The role of medical testimony is crucial in legal contexts, as it helps to clarify medical facts, provide insights into the standard of care, and assist in the resolution of legal disputes involving medical issues.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

Medical testimony is typically indicated in legal cases where medical expertise is required to interpret clinical information or to provide insights into medical standards and practices. The following are specific indications for which medical testimony may be sought:

  • Legal Disputes Involvement in cases where medical facts are contested or require clarification.
  • Standard of Care Evaluation Assessment of whether the medical care provided met the accepted standards within the medical community.
  • Expert Witness Requirement Situations where an expert opinion is necessary to support or refute claims made in a legal context.

2. Procedure

The procedure for providing medical testimony involves several key steps that ensure the expert's opinion is well-founded and relevant to the case at hand. Each step is critical to the integrity of the testimony provided.

  • Step 1: Case Review The physician or healthcare professional begins by thoroughly reviewing the case materials, which may include medical records, previous depositions, and relevant literature. This step is essential for understanding the context and specifics of the case, allowing the expert to form an informed opinion.
  • Step 2: Preparation of Testimony After reviewing the case, the expert prepares their testimony. This may involve drafting a report that outlines their findings, opinions, and the basis for those opinions. The preparation phase is crucial for ensuring that the testimony is clear, concise, and supported by medical evidence.
  • Step 3: Deposition The expert may be required to provide a deposition, which is a sworn out-of-court testimony. During this process, the expert answers questions posed by attorneys from both sides, providing insights into their medical opinions and the rationale behind them.
  • Step 4: Court Appearance If the case proceeds to trial, the expert may be called to provide direct testimony in court. This involves presenting their findings to the judge and jury, answering questions, and clarifying any medical concepts that may be relevant to the case.

3. Post-Procedure

After providing medical testimony, the expert may be involved in follow-up activities, such as responding to additional inquiries or clarifications requested by the court or legal teams. It is also important for the expert to maintain documentation of their testimony and any related communications, as this may be necessary for future reference or in case of appeals. The expert's role may conclude once the case is resolved, but they may also be called upon for further testimony in related cases or appeals.

Short Descr MEDICAL TESTIMONY
Medium Descr MEDICAL TESTIMONY
Long Descr Medical testimony
Status Code Non-Covered Service
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Non-Covered Service, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 1 - Medical Care
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) Y2 - Other - non-Medicare fee schedule
MUE 0
CCS Clinical Classification 237 - Ancillary Services
32 Mandated services: services related to mandated consultation and/or related services (eg, third party payer, governmental, legislative or regulatory requirement) may be identified by adding modifier 32 to the basic procedure.
95 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via a real-time interactive audio and video telecommunications system: synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that would be sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction. modifier 95 may only be appended to the services listed in appendix p. appendix p is the list of cpt codes for services that are typically performed face-to-face, but may be rendered via a real-time (synchronous) interactive audio and video telecommunications system.
Date
Action
Notes
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
Code
Description
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