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Official Description

Colectomy, total, abdominal, with proctectomy; with ileoanal anastomosis, includes loop ileostomy, and rectal mucosectomy, when performed

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The procedure described by CPT® Code 44157 involves a total abdominal colectomy with proctectomy, which is a surgical operation that entails the complete removal of the colon and rectum. This procedure is performed through an abdominal incision, allowing the surgeon to access the entire colon and rectum for mobilization. The term "proctectomy" refers specifically to the surgical removal of the rectum. Following the removal, an ileoanal anastomosis is created, which is a surgical connection between the end of the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the anus. This connection allows for the passage of stool through the anus after the surgery. Additionally, the procedure may include a loop ileostomy, which is an artificial opening created in the abdominal wall to allow the ileum to empty its contents externally while the newly formed anastomosis heals. A rectal mucosectomy may also be performed, which involves the removal of the mucosal lining of the rectum. This comprehensive approach is typically indicated for conditions affecting the colon and rectum, ensuring that the patient can maintain bowel function post-surgery.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 44157 is indicated for various conditions affecting the colon and rectum. These may include:

  • Colorectal Cancer - The presence of malignant tumors in the colon or rectum necessitating removal to prevent further spread.
  • Ulcerative Colitis - A chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can lead to severe complications, requiring surgical intervention.
  • Familial Adenomatous Polyposis - A genetic condition characterized by the development of numerous polyps in the colon, which have a high risk of turning cancerous.
  • Diverticulitis - Inflammation or infection of diverticula in the colon that may lead to complications such as perforation or abscess formation.

2. Procedure

The procedure involves several critical steps to ensure the successful removal of the colon and rectum while establishing a new pathway for stool elimination.

  • Step 1: Abdominal Incision - The surgeon begins by making a large incision in the abdomen to gain access to the abdominal cavity. This incision allows for the mobilization of the colon and rectum.
  • Step 2: Mobilization of the Colon and Rectum - The entire colon and rectum are carefully mobilized from their surrounding tissues. This step is crucial to ensure that the organs can be removed without damaging adjacent structures.
  • Step 3: Resection of the Colon and Rectum - The surgeon then divides and removes the colon between the terminal portion of the ileum and the distal rectum. This step involves cutting through the mesentery and blood vessels supplying the colon.
  • Step 4: Mucosal Stripping (if performed) - If indicated, the remaining portion of the distal rectum may undergo mucosal stripping, where the mucosal lining is removed to prepare for the anastomosis.
  • Step 5: Creation of Ileoanal Anastomosis - The end of the terminal ileum is brought out through the remaining cuff of the distal rectum and sutured to the anus, creating a new pathway for stool to exit the body.
  • Step 6: Loop Ileostomy (if performed) - A loop of the ileum may be brought out through an opening in the abdominal wall and sutured onto the skin. This ileostomy serves as a temporary artificial opening, allowing the ileum to empty its contents externally while the anal anastomosis heals.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure, patients typically require close monitoring in a postoperative setting. Recovery may involve managing pain, monitoring for signs of infection, and ensuring proper healing of the anastomosis. Patients may initially have a temporary ileostomy, which will be assessed for function and output. Once the anastomosis has healed adequately, the ileostomy may be reversed, allowing for normal bowel function. Follow-up care is essential to monitor for any complications and to support the patient's recovery process.

Short Descr COLECTOMY W/ILEOANAL ANAST
Medium Descr COLECTOMY TOT ABD W/PROCTECTOMY ILEOANAL ANAST
Long Descr Colectomy, total, abdominal, with proctectomy; with ileoanal anastomosis, includes loop ileostomy, and rectal mucosectomy, when performed
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 78 - Colorectal resection

This is a primary code that can be used with these additional add-on codes.

96547 Add On Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedure, including separate incision(s) and closure, when performed; first 60 minutes (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
96548 Add On Code MPFS Status: Active Code APC N Intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) procedure, including separate incision(s) and closure, when performed; each additional 30 minutes (List separately in addition to code for primary procedure)
22 Increased procedural services: when the work required to provide a service is substantially greater than typically required, it may be identified by adding modifier 22 to the usual procedure code. documentation must support the substantial additional work and the reason for the additional work (ie, increased intensity, time, technical difficulty of procedure, severity of patient's condition, physical and mental effort required). note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
78 Unplanned return to the operating/procedure room by the same physician or other qualified health care professional following initial procedure for a related procedure during the postoperative period: it may be necessary to indicate that another procedure was performed during the postoperative period of the initial procedure (unplanned procedure following initial procedure). when this procedure is related to the first, and requires the use of an operating/procedure room, it may be reported by adding modifier 78 to the related procedure. (for repeat procedures, see modifier 76.)
80 Assistant surgeon: surgical assistant services may be identified by adding modifier 80 to the usual procedure number(s).
82 Assistant surgeon (when qualified resident surgeon not available): the unavailability of a qualified resident surgeon is a prerequisite for use of modifier 82 appended to the usual procedure code number(s).
AS Physician assistant, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist services for assistant at surgery
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
Date
Action
Notes
2007-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 2007.
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