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Official Description

Culture, bacterial; stool, aerobic, with isolation and preliminary examination (eg, KIA, LIA), Salmonella and Shigella species

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87045 refers to a laboratory procedure known as a bacterial culture of stool, specifically focusing on the isolation and preliminary examination of Salmonella and Shigella species. In this procedure, a stool sample is collected from the patient and placed into a specialized growth medium that supports the proliferation of bacteria. The primary goal of this culture is to identify the presence of Salmonella and Shigella, which are significant pathogens associated with gastrointestinal infections. The preliminary examination may include various tests, such as KIA (Kligler Iron Agar) and LIA (Lysine Iron Agar), which help in differentiating these bacteria based on their metabolic characteristics. It is important to note that if additional bacterial species are being examined, the appropriate code to use would be CPT® Code 87046. This distinction is crucial for accurate coding and billing in laboratory services.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87045 is indicated for the evaluation of gastrointestinal symptoms that may suggest an infection caused by Salmonella or Shigella species. These symptoms can include:

  • Diarrhea The presence of loose or watery stools, which may be accompanied by blood or mucus, indicating a possible bacterial infection.
  • Abdominal Pain Cramping or discomfort in the abdominal area, often associated with gastrointestinal infections.
  • Fever An elevated body temperature that may accompany infections, signaling the body's response to pathogens.
  • Nausea and Vomiting Symptoms that may occur alongside diarrhea, indicating gastrointestinal distress.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87045 involves several key steps to ensure accurate culture and identification of the bacteria. The steps are as follows:

  • Sample Collection A stool sample is collected from the patient, typically using a sterile container to prevent contamination. Proper collection techniques are essential to ensure the integrity of the sample.
  • Inoculation The collected stool sample is then inoculated into a suitable culture medium that promotes the growth of bacteria. This medium is specifically designed to support the growth of Salmonella and Shigella species.
  • Incubation The inoculated culture medium is placed in an incubator at a controlled temperature, allowing the bacteria to grow. The incubation period may vary but typically lasts for 24 to 48 hours.
  • Preliminary Examination After the incubation period, the culture is examined for the presence of bacterial colonies. Preliminary tests, such as KIA and LIA, are performed to identify the metabolic characteristics of the bacteria, aiding in the differentiation of Salmonella and Shigella species.

3. Post-Procedure

Following the completion of the culture and preliminary examination, the laboratory will analyze the results. If Salmonella or Shigella species are identified, further testing may be conducted to determine the specific strain and its antibiotic susceptibility. The results of the culture will be documented and reported to the requesting physician, who will use this information to guide treatment decisions. It is important for the patient to follow any additional instructions provided by their healthcare provider, especially if further testing or treatment is required based on the culture results.

Short Descr FECES CULTURE AEROBIC BACT
Medium Descr CUL BACT STOOL AEROBIC ISOL SALMONELLA&SHIGELL
Long Descr Culture, bacterial; stool, aerobic, with isolation and preliminary examination (eg, KIA, LIA), Salmonella and Shigella species
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1F - Lab tests - bacterial cultures
MUE 3
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
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2013-01-01 Changed Description Changed
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
2004-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2002-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
2001-01-01 Changed Code description changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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