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Official Description

Culture, bacterial; aerobic isolate, additional methods required for definitive identification, each isolate

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87077 refers to a specific laboratory procedure known as a bacterial culture, which is performed to identify aerobic bacterial isolates. This code is utilized when additional methods are necessary to achieve definitive identification of each isolate obtained from a culture. In clinical practice, this procedure is particularly important when initial testing indicates the presence of bacteria, but further analysis is required to confirm the specific type of aerobic bacteria involved. The use of this code signifies that the laboratory is employing advanced techniques beyond standard culture methods to ensure accurate identification, which is crucial for effective treatment planning. This process may involve various testing methodologies, including biochemical tests, serological tests, or molecular techniques, depending on the laboratory's capabilities and the clinical context. Overall, CPT® Code 87077 plays a vital role in the diagnostic process, facilitating the identification of pathogens that may be responsible for infections and guiding appropriate therapeutic interventions.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87077 is indicated in various clinical scenarios where further testing is necessary to confirm the presence and type of aerobic bacteria. The following conditions may warrant the use of this code:

  • Unresolved Infections When a patient presents with symptoms of infection, but initial culture results are inconclusive or require further clarification to guide treatment.
  • Complicated Cases In situations where patients have complex medical histories or co-morbidities that complicate the interpretation of standard culture results.
  • Antibiotic Resistance When there is a need to identify specific bacterial strains to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics, especially in cases of resistant infections.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87077 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate identification of aerobic bacterial isolates. Each step is designed to enhance the reliability of the results obtained from the initial culture.

  • Step 1: Sample Collection The process begins with the collection of a specimen from the patient, which may include blood, urine, or tissue samples. Proper aseptic techniques are employed to prevent contamination and ensure the integrity of the sample.
  • Step 2: Initial Culture The collected specimen is then inoculated onto appropriate culture media that support the growth of aerobic bacteria. This initial culture is incubated under controlled conditions to promote bacterial growth.
  • Step 3: Isolation of Bacteria After incubation, colonies of bacteria are isolated from the culture media. This step may involve streaking techniques to separate individual bacterial colonies for further testing.
  • Step 4: Additional Testing If the initial culture results are inconclusive or if further identification is required, additional methods are employed. These may include biochemical tests, molecular diagnostics, or serological assays to definitively identify the aerobic bacteria present.
  • Step 5: Interpretation of Results The final step involves analyzing the results from the additional tests to provide a comprehensive identification of the bacterial isolates. This information is crucial for determining the appropriate treatment plan for the patient.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedures associated with CPT® Code 87077, the laboratory will compile and report the findings to the requesting physician. It is essential for the healthcare provider to review the results in conjunction with the patient's clinical presentation. Depending on the identified bacteria and their susceptibility patterns, the physician may adjust the patient's antibiotic therapy accordingly. Additionally, follow-up may be necessary to monitor the patient's response to treatment and to ensure that the infection is adequately managed. Proper documentation of the procedure and results is also critical for compliance and billing purposes.

Short Descr CULTURE AEROBIC IDENTIFY
Medium Descr CUL BACT AEROBIC ADDL METHS DEFINITIVE EA ISOL
Long Descr Culture, bacterial; aerobic isolate, additional methods required for definitive identification, each isolate
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) Yes
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1F - Lab tests - bacterial cultures
MUE 4
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
QW Clia waived test
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
AY Item or service furnished to an esrd patient that is not for the treatment of esrd
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
XE Separate encounter, a service that is distinct because it occurred during a separate encounter
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
51 Multiple procedures: when multiple procedures, other than e/m services, physical medicine and rehabilitation services or provision of supplies (eg, vaccines), are performed at the same session by the same individual, the primary procedure or service may be reported as listed. the additional procedure(s) or service(s) may be identified by appending modifier 51 to the additional procedure or service code(s). note: this modifier should not be appended to designated "add-on" codes (see appendix d).
56 Preoperative management only: when 1 physician or other qualified health care professional performed the preoperative care and evaluation and another performed the surgical procedure, the preoperative component may be identified by adding modifier 56 to the usual procedure number.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
93 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via telephone or other real-time interactive audio-only telecommunications system : synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located away at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that is sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction.
95 Synchronous telemedicine service rendered via a real-time interactive audio and video telecommunications system: synchronous telemedicine service is defined as a real-time interaction between a physician or other qualified health care professional and a patient who is located at a distant site from the physician or other qualified health care professional. the totality of the communication of information exchanged between the physician or other qualified health care professional and the patient during the course of the synchronous telemedicine service must be of an amount and nature that would be sufficient to meet the key components and/or requirements of the same service when rendered via a face-to-face interaction. modifier 95 may only be appended to the services listed in appendix p. appendix p is the list of cpt codes for services that are typically performed face-to-face, but may be rendered via a real-time (synchronous) interactive audio and video telecommunications system.
AQ Physician providing a service in an unlisted health professional shortage area (hpsa)
AU Item furnished in conjunction with a urological, ostomy, or tracheostomy supply
CC Procedure code change (use 'cc' when the procedure code submitted was changed either for administrative reasons or because an incorrect code was filed)
CR Catastrophe/disaster related
FR The supervising practitioner was present through two-way, audio/video communication technology
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
LT Left side (used to identify procedures performed on the left side of the body)
PN Non-excepted service provided at an off-campus, outpatient, provider-based department of a hospital
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
QJ Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)
RT Right side (used to identify procedures performed on the right side of the body)
T5 Right foot, great toe
T7 Right foot, third digit
TC Technical component; under certain circumstances, a charge may be made for the technical component alone; under those circumstances the technical component charge is identified by adding modifier 'tc' to the usual procedure number; technical component charges are institutional charges and not billed separately by physicians; however, portable x-ray suppliers only bill for technical component and should utilize modifier tc; the charge data from portable x-ray suppliers will then be used to build customary and prevailing profiles
X5 Diagnostic services requested by another clinician: for reporting services by a clinician who furnishes care to the patient only as requested by another clinician or subsequent and related services requested by another clinician; this modifier is reported for patient relationships that may not be adequately captured by the above alternative categories; reporting clinician service examples include but are not limited to, the radiologist's interpretation of an imaging study requested by another clinician
XP Separate practitioner, a service that is distinct because it was performed by a different practitioner
Date
Action
Notes
2001-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 2001.
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