CPT® Code 88166

Cytopathology, slides, cervical or vaginal (the Bethesda System); with manual screening and computer-assisted rescreening under physician supervision

The CPT® Code 88166 refers to a specific cytopathology procedure involving the analysis of cervical or vaginal slides using the Bethesda System. Commonly known as a Papanicolaou (PAP) smear, this test is a critical screening tool for detecting cervical cancer and other abnormalities in cervical cells. The Bethesda System is the standard reporting framework utilized in the United States for interpreting PAP smear results. It provides a comprehensive assessment of the adequacy of the sample collected, identifies any signs of infection, and categorizes cellular changes. These changes may include benign alterations, atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS), atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (AGCUS), and various degrees of dysplasia or squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), which are further classified into low-grade (LGSIL) and high-grade (HGSIL) lesions, as well as carcinoma. During the procedure, cells are collected from the endocervix using a specialized stick or brush, and the specimen is then smeared onto a glass slide. The slide is fixed using either a spray or immersion method and subsequently covered with a coverslip. Once prepared, the slide is sent to a cytology laboratory for staining. A trained technician screens the slide under a microscope to identify any abnormalities, focusing on abnormal cells or clusters that may indicate potential issues. The process may involve multiple screenings, including manual and computer-assisted methods, to ensure thorough evaluation. The findings from the screening are communicated to the treating physician, and if any abnormalities are detected, further diagnostic procedures may be recommended.