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Official Description

Cryopreservation, freezing and storage of cells, each cell line

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

CPT® Code 88240 refers to the procedure of cryopreservation, which involves the freezing and storage of living cells and tissue, categorized by each cell line. This laboratory procedure is designed to preserve the structural integrity and viability of cells by halting enzymatic and chemical activities through exposure to extremely low temperatures. Importantly, cryopreservation does not result in cell death, allowing for the long-term storage of viable cells. The application of this technique is broad, encompassing various biological materials such as microbes—including bacteria, viruses, and yeasts—as well as blood cells like stem cells and umbilical cord blood, tissue samples, semen, and oocytes. The advantages of cryopreservation are significant; it minimizes the risk of microbial contamination and prevents cell line contamination or genetic drift, which can occur during cell culture. Additionally, it helps maintain the morphological characteristics of the cells, ensuring that they remain structurally intact for future use. The process begins with the collection of cells or tissue samples, which must be reported separately. A cryoprotectant is then introduced to the sample to protect the cells during the freezing process. Depending on the specific type of cell or tissue being preserved, the freezing can be performed at a controlled slow rate or through a rapid method known as vitrification. Once frozen, the samples are stored in specialized freezers or liquid nitrogen tanks to ensure their viability over extended periods.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure of cryopreservation (CPT® Code 88240) is indicated for various clinical and laboratory scenarios where the preservation of living cells and tissues is necessary. The following conditions and applications warrant the use of this procedure:

  • Stem Cell Preservation Cryopreservation is commonly utilized for the storage of stem cells, particularly those derived from umbilical cord blood, to ensure their availability for future therapeutic use.
  • Fertility Preservation This procedure is indicated for the preservation of oocytes and semen, especially in patients undergoing treatments that may affect fertility, such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
  • Tissue Sample Storage Cryopreservation is employed to store various tissue samples for research or future transplantation, maintaining their viability and structural integrity.
  • Microbial Preservation The technique is also used to preserve microbial cultures, including bacteria, viruses, and yeasts, for research and industrial applications.

2. Procedure

The cryopreservation procedure (CPT® Code 88240) involves several critical steps to ensure the effective freezing and storage of living cells and tissues. Each step is essential for maintaining the viability of the samples during and after the freezing process.

  • Sample Collection The initial step involves the collection of the cells or tissue samples. This must be performed through a separately reportable procedure, ensuring that the samples are obtained in a sterile and controlled environment to prevent contamination.
  • Application of Cryoprotectant Once the samples are collected, a cryoprotectant is added. This substance is crucial as it protects the cells from damage during the freezing process, preventing the formation of ice crystals that can disrupt cellular structures.
  • Freezing Process Depending on the type of cells or tissues being preserved, the freezing process can be conducted in two ways: slow freezing or vitrification. Slow freezing involves gradually lowering the temperature of the samples at a controlled rate, allowing for the safe formation of ice crystals. In contrast, vitrification is a rapid freezing method that transforms the sample into a glass-like state, minimizing ice crystal formation and preserving cellular integrity.
  • Storage After the freezing process is complete, the samples are stored in specialized freezers or liquid nitrogen tanks. These storage methods are designed to maintain the low temperatures required for long-term preservation, ensuring that the cells remain viable for future use.

3. Post-Procedure

Following the cryopreservation procedure, it is essential to monitor the stored samples to ensure they remain at the appropriate low temperatures. Regular checks of the storage equipment are necessary to prevent any temperature fluctuations that could compromise the viability of the samples. Additionally, documentation of the storage conditions and sample details is crucial for tracking and future retrieval. When the samples are needed for use, they must be thawed carefully to minimize cellular damage, and this process should be performed in a controlled environment to maintain the integrity of the cells.

Short Descr CELL CRYOPRESERVE/STORAGE
Medium Descr CRYOPRSRV FRZING&STORAGE CELLS EA CELL LINE
Long Descr Cryopreservation, freezing and storage of cells, each cell line
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 235 - Other Laboratory
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
GC This service has been performed in part by a resident under the direction of a teaching physician
Date
Action
Notes
1999-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1999.
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