CPT® Code 22551

Arthrodesis, anterior interbody, including disc space preparation, discectomy, osteophytectomy and decompression of spinal cord and/or nerve roots; cervical below C2

The procedure described by CPT® Code 22551 refers to an arthrodesis performed on the cervical spine below the second cervical vertebra (C2). This surgical intervention involves accessing the damaged cervical vertebra from the anterior (front) aspect of the body. The process begins with the careful dissection of the soft tissues and muscles that cover the cervical spine, allowing for a clear view of the surgical site. During the procedure, the trachea and esophagus are retracted to provide adequate access to the affected area. The surgeon then exposes the specific portion of the cervical spine that requires treatment. A channel is created within the vertebral body to access the intervertebral disc and the nerve roots that may be affected by the condition. The intervertebral disc, which is the cushion between the vertebrae, is meticulously removed, often with the assistance of a surgical microscope to ensure precision. Additionally, any osteophytes, or bone spurs, that may be pressing on the nerve roots are excised, along with the ligament that covers the spinal cord. To prepare for the fusion, cartilage is removed from the endplates of the vertebrae above and below the disc space, and the bone is decorticated to promote healing. Following this preparation, a bone graft, which can be either an allograft (donor bone) or an autograft (patient's own bone), is placed between the vertebral endplates to facilitate the fusion process. Internal fixation devices may also be utilized to stabilize the spine during recovery. After the procedure, the surgical team ensures that any bleeding is controlled, places drains if necessary, and closes the soft tissues and skin in layers to promote healing. This procedure is specifically coded as 22551 for a single cervical interspace, with 22552 designated for each additional interspace that may be treated.