CPT® Code 45334

A flexible sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure that involves the use of a flexible endoscope to visualize the lower part of the colon, specifically the sigmoid colon. This procedure is particularly focused on identifying and managing sources of gastrointestinal bleeding. During the sigmoidoscopy, the physician introduces a standard flexible sigmoidoscope into the anus and advances it through the rectum into the sigmoid colon. The use of air insufflation is crucial as it helps to separate the mucosal folds, allowing for a clearer view of the colon's interior. Once the scope is in place, the physician carefully inspects the mucosal surfaces for any signs of bleeding, lesions, or other abnormalities. If a bleeding site is identified, various methods can be employed to control the bleeding. These methods may include the application of thermal energy through cautery devices, the use of a heater probe, or the injection of medications such as epinephrine to promote vasoconstriction. Additionally, noncontact techniques like YAG laser coagulation or argon plasma coagulation may be utilized to effectively manage the bleeding. The procedure is comprehensive, as it not only addresses the immediate concern of bleeding but also allows for the assessment of the overall health of the mucosal surfaces within the sigmoid colon.