CPT® Code 87279

Official Description

Infectious agent antigen detection by immunofluorescent technique; Parainfluenza virus, each type

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87279 refers to a laboratory test that utilizes an immunofluorescent technique to detect the presence of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) antigens in fluid samples obtained from the nasopharynx or trachea. This test specifically identifies the four serotypes of HPIV: HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4. Parainfluenza viruses are significant pathogens, particularly in infants, children, older adults, and individuals with compromised immune systems, as they are known to cause a range of respiratory infections. HPIV-1 is primarily associated with croup and upper and lower respiratory illnesses, predominantly affecting infants and children, while HPIV-2 can lead to similar respiratory symptoms across all age groups. HPIV-3 is often linked to more severe conditions such as bronchiolitis, bronchitis, and pneumonia. HPIV-4, the least prevalent serotype, can cause respiratory illnesses that vary in severity. Symptoms of an HPIV infection typically include fever, runny nose, and cough, which generally last between 7 to 10 days. The transmission of the virus occurs through respiratory droplets and contact with contaminated surfaces. During the testing process, a nasopharyngeal or tracheal aspirate or washing is collected and treated with a detecting reagent that contains antibodies specific to the HPIV serotypes. This mixture is then examined under an epifluorescence microscope, where a color change indicates the presence of the virus. While this immunofluorescent test is quicker than reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), it may be less sensitive in detecting the virus.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87279 is indicated for the detection of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) antigens in patients exhibiting symptoms of respiratory infections. The following conditions and symptoms warrant the performance of this test:

Respiratory Infections Symptoms such as fever, runny nose, and cough that last an average of 7-10 days.
Croup Particularly in infants and children, which is often associated with HPIV-1.
Bronchiolitis and Pneumonia More commonly linked to HPIV-3, especially in younger patients.
Upper and Lower Respiratory Illness Caused by HPIV-1 and HPIV-2, affecting individuals across various age groups.

2. Procedure

The procedure for detecting parainfluenza virus antigens using CPT® Code 87279 involves several key steps, which are detailed below:

Sample Collection A nasopharyngeal or tracheal aspirate or washing is obtained from the patient. This sample is crucial as it contains the respiratory secretions where the virus may be present.
Treatment with Detecting Reagent The collected sample is treated with a detecting reagent that contains antibodies specific to the four serotypes of HPIV (HPIV-1, HPIV-2, HPIV-3, and HPIV-4) along with a counterstain. This reagent is designed to bind to any HPIV antigens present in the sample.
Microscopic Examination The treated sample is then examined under an epifluorescence microscope. The presence of HPIV antigens is indicated by a distinct color change, which occurs when the antibodies in the detecting reagent attach to the antigens of the virus.

3. Post-Procedure

After the procedure, the results of the immunofluorescent test will be interpreted by a qualified laboratory professional. If the test indicates the presence of HPIV antigens, appropriate clinical management and treatment options should be considered based on the patient's symptoms and overall health status. It is important to note that while this test provides rapid results, it may be less sensitive than other methods such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Therefore, follow-up testing or additional diagnostic measures may be necessary depending on the clinical scenario.

Short Descr	PARAINFLUENZA AG IF
Medium Descr	IAADI PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS EACH TYPE
Long Descr	Infectious agent antigen detection by immunofluorescent technique; Parainfluenza virus, each type
Status Code	Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions	09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW)	No
APC Status Indicator	Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS)	5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE	1
CCS Clinical Classification	206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)

90	Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
GV	Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider