© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
High resolution anoscopy (HRA) is a specialized diagnostic procedure utilized for the thorough evaluation of anal dysplasia, particularly in patients who have previously received abnormal results from anal cytology tests or anal Pap smears. This procedure employs an anoscope that is equipped with a high-resolution magnifying device, allowing for detailed visualization of the anal canal and surrounding tissues. During the procedure, the anoscope is inserted into the anus, and a twisting motion is used to advance it while the patient bears down, facilitating easier insertion. Once the anoscope is in place, the obturator is removed, and the eyepiece is attached to enable the clinician to closely inspect the mucosal surface for any areas that may exhibit abnormal characteristics. To enhance the visibility of these abnormal tissues, a mildly acidic chemical agent may be applied as needed. The diagnostic aspect of HRA includes the collection of cell specimens, which can be achieved through brushing or washing techniques. In brushing, a brush is used to gather cell samples, while in washing, water is introduced into the anal canal, and the mucosa is washed to collect fluid that contains cellular material. This procedure is critical for identifying potential precancerous changes in the anal tissue, thereby guiding further management and treatment options.
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