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Official Description

Craniectomy, suboccipital; for medullary tractotomy

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

CPT® Code 61470 refers to a surgical procedure known as a craniectomy, specifically a suboccipital craniectomy performed for the purpose of conducting a medullary tractotomy. A tractotomy is a neurosurgical intervention that involves the division or cutting of a nerve tract within the brain or spinal cord. This procedure is primarily indicated for the management of intractable pain, particularly nociceptive pain associated with conditions such as head and neck cancer. The medullary tractotomy aims to alleviate severe facial and neck pain by interrupting pain pathways in the brain. During the procedure, the patient is positioned sitting to optimize access to the medulla oblongata, which is the target area for intervention. The surgical approach involves creating a midline incision at the lower part of the skull to expose the occiput, followed by the creation of burr holes and a bone flap to access the medulla oblongata. This procedure is significant as it provides a means to achieve complete analgesia in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve and other cranial nerves, thereby addressing debilitating pain symptoms. It is important to note that while open tractotomy procedures like this one have been largely supplanted by less invasive techniques such as stereotactic tractotomy, they remain a critical option for certain patients with severe pain conditions.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure described by CPT® Code 61470 is indicated for the treatment of severe facial and neck pain, particularly in cases where the pain is intractable and associated with conditions such as head and neck cancer. The following specific indications apply:

  • Severe Facial Pain This procedure is performed to alleviate debilitating facial pain that may not respond to conventional pain management therapies.
  • Neck Pain It is also indicated for patients experiencing severe neck pain, particularly when it is related to nociceptive pain pathways.
  • Intractable Pain The procedure is suitable for patients suffering from pain that is resistant to other treatment modalities, necessitating a surgical intervention to improve quality of life.

2. Procedure

The surgical steps involved in CPT® Code 61470 are as follows:

  • Patient Positioning The patient is placed in a sitting position to facilitate optimal access to the medulla oblongata, which is the target area for the procedure. This positioning is crucial for the surgeon to effectively perform the necessary surgical maneuvers.
  • Head Stabilization The head is secured in a neutral position using either tongs or a Mayfield head holder. This stabilization is essential to maintain the correct orientation of the head throughout the procedure, ensuring precision during the surgical steps.
  • Incision and Exposure A midline incision is made over the lower aspect of the skull to expose the occiput. This incision allows the surgeon to access the underlying structures necessary for the procedure.
  • Creation of Burr Holes Burr holes are created in the suboccipital region of the skull. These holes serve as access points for further surgical intervention.
  • Bone Flap Creation A saw is utilized to connect the burr holes, creating a bone flap that extends to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum. This step is critical for gaining access to the medulla oblongata.
  • Elevation of Bone Flap The bone flap is elevated, allowing for direct exposure of the medulla oblongata. This exposure is necessary for the subsequent steps of the procedure.
  • Incision through Nerve Rootlets An incision is made through the nerve rootlets of the medulla, specifically from the upper bulbar accessory rootlet to the posterior rootlet of the second cranial nerve. This incision is designed to interrupt pain pathways effectively.
  • Tract Sectioning Once the mesencephalon region of the brain is accessed via the suboccipital craniotomy, the spinothalamic tracts are sectioned unilaterally. This step is crucial for achieving the desired analgesic effect across the affected nerve distributions.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care following a craniectomy for medullary tractotomy involves monitoring the patient for any complications that may arise from the surgery. Patients are typically observed for neurological function and signs of infection at the surgical site. Pain management strategies will be implemented to ensure patient comfort as they recover from the procedure. The expected recovery period may vary depending on individual patient factors, but close follow-up is essential to assess the effectiveness of the pain relief achieved through the procedure. Additionally, rehabilitation services may be recommended to support the patient's recovery and adaptation following surgery.

Short Descr INCISE SKULL FOR SURGERY
Medium Descr CRANIECTOMY SUBOCCIPITAL MEDULLARY TRACTOTOMY
Long Descr Craniectomy, suboccipital; for medullary tractotomy
Status Code Active Code
Global Days 090 - Major Surgery
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 0 - Physician Service Code
Multiple Procedures (51) 2 - Standard payment adjustment rules for multiple procedures apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 0 - 150% payment adjustment for bilateral procedures does NOT apply.
Physician Supervisions 9 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 2 - Payment restriction for assistants at surgery does not apply to this procedure...
Co-Surgeons (62) 1 - Co-surgeons could be paid, though supporting documentation is required...
Team Surgery (66) 0 - Team surgeons not permitted for this procedure.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator Inpatient Procedures, not paid under OPPS
Type of Service (TOS) 2 - Surgery
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) P1G - Major procedure - Other
MUE Not applicable/unspecified.
CCS Clinical Classification 1 - Incision and excision of CNS
Date
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Notes
2015-01-01 Deleted Code deleted
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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