CPT® Code 90701

Official Description

Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP), for intramuscular use

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 90701 refers to the Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP), which is administered via intramuscular injection. This vaccine is designed to provide long-lasting immunity against three serious bacterial infections: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (whooping cough). The term 'toxoid' refers to a toxin that has been rendered non-toxic but still retains the ability to stimulate an immune response. By introducing these toxoids into the body, the immune system is prompted to produce antibodies that specifically target and neutralize the toxins produced by the bacteria responsible for these diseases. Vaccination with DTP not only helps in developing active immunity but also ensures that the immune system is prepared to respond effectively if exposed to the actual pathogens in the future. The body retains a memory of how to produce these antibodies, which is crucial for long-term protection. It is important to note that this code specifically reports the use of the whole cell form of the pertussis vaccine, which is derived from inactivated bacteria. This is in contrast to the acellular pertussis vaccine, which is a more purified version that tends to cause fewer side effects and is reported under a different code (CPT® Code 90700). Both codes are utilized to indicate the specific type of vaccine administered, focusing solely on the product used rather than the administration process itself.

1. Indications

The Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP) is indicated for the prevention of three significant bacterial infections. The specific indications for administering this vaccine include:

Diphtheria - A serious bacterial infection that affects the mucous membranes of the throat and nose, leading to difficulty breathing, heart failure, and even death if untreated.
Tetanus - Also known as lockjaw, this infection is caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani, leading to painful muscle stiffness and spasms, particularly in the jaw and neck.
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) - A highly contagious respiratory disease characterized by severe coughing fits that can lead to difficulty breathing, vomiting, and exhaustion, particularly dangerous for infants and young children.

2. Procedure

The administration of the Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP) involves several key procedural steps:

Step 1: Preparation - Prior to administration, the healthcare provider must ensure that the vaccine is stored correctly and is at the appropriate temperature. The vaccine vial should be inspected for any discoloration or particulate matter, and the provider should gather all necessary supplies, including syringes, alcohol swabs, and gloves.
Step 2: Patient Assessment - The healthcare provider should conduct a brief assessment of the patient’s medical history, including any previous allergic reactions to vaccines, current health status, and any contraindications to the DTP vaccine. This step is crucial to ensure the safety and appropriateness of the vaccine for the patient.
Step 3: Administration - The vaccine is administered via intramuscular injection, typically into the deltoid muscle of the upper arm for older children and adults, or into the anterolateral thigh for infants and young children. The provider should clean the injection site with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry before injecting the vaccine.
Step 4: Post-Administration Care - After the injection, the provider should observe the patient for a short period to monitor for any immediate adverse reactions. The patient or caregiver should be informed about potential side effects and the importance of completing the vaccination series for optimal protection.

3. Post-Procedure

Post-procedure care for the DTP vaccine includes monitoring the patient for any immediate adverse reactions, which may include mild fever, soreness at the injection site, or irritability. Patients are typically advised to rest and can apply a cool compress to the injection site to alleviate discomfort. It is essential to inform the patient or caregiver about the expected side effects and the importance of follow-up doses in the vaccination series to ensure full immunity against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Documentation of the vaccine administration, including the date, site, and any reactions, should be recorded in the patient's medical record for future reference.

Short Descr	DTP VACCINE IM
Medium Descr	DIPHTHERA TETANUS TOXOID PERTUSSIS VACCINE IM
Long Descr	Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, and whole cell pertussis vaccine (DTP), for intramuscular use
Status Code	Excluded from Physician Fee Schedule by Regulation
Global Days	XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC)	9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions	09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66)	9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family	99 - Concept Does Not Apply
APC Status Indicator	Discontinued Code
Type of Service (TOS)	1 - Medical Care
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS)	O1G - Immunizations/Vaccinations
MUE	Not applicable/unspecified.
CCS Clinical Classification	228 - Prophylactic vaccinations and inoculations