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Official Description

Gabapentin, whole blood, serum, or plasma

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 80171 refers to a laboratory test that measures the levels of gabapentin in whole blood, serum, or plasma. Gabapentin, which is marketed under brand names such as Gabarone and Neurontin, is a medication that acts as an analog of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. This medication is primarily utilized in the management of seizure disorders and chronic neuropathic pain, providing relief to patients suffering from these conditions. Additionally, gabapentin may be prescribed off-label for various other conditions, including migraine headaches and bipolar disorder, highlighting its versatility in treating different neurological and psychiatric disorders. The testing process involves obtaining a blood sample through a procedure known as venipuncture, which is separately reportable. The analysis of the blood sample is conducted using a sophisticated technique known as quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, which allows for precise measurement of gabapentin levels in the sample. This test is essential for monitoring therapeutic levels of the drug, ensuring efficacy, and minimizing potential toxicity in patients undergoing treatment.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The gabapentin level test (CPT® Code 80171) is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Seizure Disorders - The test is performed to monitor gabapentin levels in patients being treated for seizure disorders, ensuring that therapeutic levels are maintained for optimal seizure control.
  • Chronic Neuropathic Pain - It is utilized to assess gabapentin levels in patients suffering from chronic neuropathic pain, helping to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment regimen.
  • Off-Label Uses - The test may also be indicated for patients prescribed gabapentin for off-label conditions such as migraine headaches and bipolar disorder, to ensure appropriate dosing and management of these conditions.

2. Procedure

The procedure for testing gabapentin levels involves several key steps that ensure accurate results. First, a qualified healthcare professional performs venipuncture, which is the process of puncturing a vein to obtain a blood sample. This step is crucial as it allows for the collection of whole blood, serum, or plasma, which are the specimens required for the test. Once the blood sample is collected, it is processed and prepared for analysis. The testing itself is conducted using quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, a highly sensitive and specific method that separates and quantifies the gabapentin present in the sample. This advanced technique enables the laboratory to provide precise measurements of gabapentin levels, which are essential for evaluating the patient's response to treatment and making necessary adjustments to their medication regimen.

3. Post-Procedure

After the blood sample has been collected for the gabapentin level test, there are generally no specific post-procedure care requirements for the patient. However, it is important for patients to be informed about potential minor side effects from the venipuncture, such as bruising or discomfort at the puncture site. Patients should be advised to monitor the site for any unusual symptoms and to contact their healthcare provider if they experience excessive bleeding, swelling, or signs of infection. The results of the gabapentin level test will typically be reviewed by the prescribing physician, who will interpret the findings in the context of the patient's overall treatment plan and make any necessary adjustments to the medication dosage based on the test results.

Short Descr DRUG SCREEN QUANT GABAPENTIN
Medium Descr DRUG SCREEN QUANTITATIVE GABAPENTIN
Long Descr Gabapentin, whole blood, serum, or plasma
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
Date
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2015-01-01 Changed Description Changed
2014-01-01 Added Added
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