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Official Description

Antibody; Diphtheria

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 86648 refers to a laboratory test specifically designed to measure the presence of antibodies against Diphtheria. Diphtheria is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which is known to produce an exotoxin. This toxin can lead to the formation of fibrinous pseudomembranes in various tissues, including respiratory, myocardial, and neural tissues, potentially resulting in severe complications. The antibody test for Diphtheria primarily measures the IgG subclass I, which is crucial for evaluating an individual's immune response. This test can serve multiple purposes: it may be utilized to determine a person's protective antibody levels before and after vaccination, assess immunity status during an outbreak in the community, or evaluate for possible antibody deficiencies in patients who experience recurrent infections. To perform this test, a blood sample is collected through venipuncture, which is a separately reportable procedure. The serum obtained from the blood sample is then analyzed using an enzyme immunoassay, a method that allows for the accurate measurement of the Diphtheria antibodies present in the serum.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The Diphtheria antibody test (CPT® Code 86648) is indicated for several specific clinical scenarios, including:

  • Pre/Post Vaccination Assessment This test is used to determine an individual's protective antibody levels before and after receiving the Diphtheria vaccine, ensuring adequate immunity is achieved.
  • Immunity Status Evaluation During community outbreaks of Diphtheria, this test helps assess the immunity status of individuals, guiding public health responses and vaccination strategies.
  • Antibody Deficiency Evaluation The test is also utilized to evaluate patients with recurrent infections, as it can identify potential deficiencies in antibody production that may contribute to their susceptibility to infections.

2. Procedure

The procedure for conducting the Diphtheria antibody test involves several key steps, which are outlined as follows:

  • Step 1: Patient Preparation Prior to the test, the patient may be instructed to avoid certain medications or supplements that could interfere with the results. It is essential to ensure that the patient is adequately informed about the procedure and its purpose.
  • Step 2: Venipuncture A qualified healthcare professional performs venipuncture to obtain a blood sample from the patient. This involves using a sterile needle to access a vein, typically in the arm, and collecting the blood into a designated collection tube. This step is crucial as the quality of the blood sample directly impacts the accuracy of the test results.
  • Step 3: Serum Separation After blood collection, the sample is processed to separate the serum from the cellular components. This is typically done by centrifugation, which spins the blood at high speeds to allow the serum to rise to the top of the tube.
  • Step 4: Enzyme Immunoassay Testing The separated serum is then subjected to an enzyme immunoassay, a laboratory technique that detects and quantifies the Diphtheria antibodies present in the serum. This method utilizes specific antigens to bind to the antibodies, allowing for accurate measurement of the antibody levels.
  • Step 5: Result Interpretation Once the testing is complete, the results are analyzed and interpreted by a qualified laboratory professional. The findings are then reported to the requesting physician, who will use the information to make informed decisions regarding the patient's health and vaccination needs.

3. Post-Procedure

After the Diphtheria antibody test is completed, there are generally no specific post-procedure care requirements for the patient. However, it is advisable for the patient to monitor the venipuncture site for any signs of complications, such as excessive bleeding, swelling, or infection. If any unusual symptoms occur, the patient should contact their healthcare provider. The results of the test will typically be available within a few days, and the physician will discuss the findings with the patient, including any necessary follow-up actions based on the antibody levels detected.

Short Descr DIPHTHERIA ANTIBODY
Medium Descr ANTIBODY DIPHTHERIA
Long Descr Antibody; Diphtheria
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 2
CCS Clinical Classification 235 - Other Laboratory
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Date
Action
Notes
1993-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1993.
Code
Description
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