CPT® Code 86701

The CPT® Code 86701 refers to the laboratory test for the detection of antibodies to HIV-1, which is a virus responsible for causing HIV infections. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, but it can also be spread through unscreened blood transfusions, sharing of needles, from an infected mother to her child during pregnancy or childbirth, and through breastfeeding. The virus specifically targets the immune system, particularly attacking T cells, also known as CD4 cells, which are crucial for the body's defense against infections. As the virus progresses, it can lead to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the most severe phase of HIV infection. The testing process involves obtaining a blood sample from the patient, which is then analyzed to determine the presence or absence of antibodies specific to HIV-1. This test is qualitative, meaning it assesses whether antibodies are present without quantifying their levels. The result indicates whether the individual has been exposed to HIV-1. For reporting purposes, CPT® Code 86701 is specifically used for antibody screening for HIV-1 when performed using a qualitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. It is important to note that there are additional codes for testing HIV-2 and for combined testing of both HIV-1 and HIV-2, which are CPT® Codes 86702 and 86703, respectively.