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Official Description

Actin (smooth muscle) antibody (ASMA), each

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The actin smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test, identified by CPT® Code 86015, is a laboratory test that plays a crucial role in the evaluation of various liver conditions. This test is particularly significant in assessing whether liver inflammation is of autoimmune origin. Autoantibodies, such as ASMAs, target specific structural proteins found in smooth muscle, with a notable impact on liver tissues. The presence of these antibodies in the bloodstream, especially at a titer greater than 1:40, suggests a high probability of autoimmune hepatitis or liver damage stemming from autoimmune processes. However, it is important to note that ASMAs can also be associated with other medical conditions, including infectious mononucleosis, melanoma, and certain cancers like breast or ovarian cancer. In cases where ASMAs are not detected, it indicates that the liver symptoms may be attributed to non-autoimmune causes. The ASMA test is performed on a venous blood sample, which is analyzed using immunoassay techniques, commonly the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This code is applicable for each actin smooth muscle antibody tested and is not specific to any particular testing method. Additionally, the ASMA test can assist in differentiating between autoimmune hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. It is often conducted alongside other tests, such as antinuclear antibody tests, to provide a comprehensive evaluation for diagnosing autoimmune hepatitis.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The actin smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test is indicated for the evaluation of various liver conditions. The following conditions and symptoms may warrant the use of this test:

  • Autoimmune Hepatitis The ASMA test is primarily used to help diagnose autoimmune hepatitis, a condition where the body's immune system attacks liver cells.
  • Liver Failure This test can assist in determining the underlying cause of liver failure, particularly when autoimmune processes are suspected.
  • Primary Biliary Cirrhosis The ASMA test is useful in evaluating primary biliary cirrhosis, an autoimmune disease that slowly destroys the bile ducts in the liver.
  • Evaluation of Liver Inflammation The presence of ASMAs can help differentiate between autoimmune and non-autoimmune causes of liver inflammation.
  • Other Conditions ASMAs may also be present in conditions such as infectious mononucleosis, melanoma, or breast and ovarian cancers, indicating the need for further investigation.

2. Procedure

The procedure for conducting the actin smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) test involves several key steps, which are outlined below:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A venous blood sample is collected from the patient. This is typically done by a healthcare professional using standard venipuncture techniques to ensure a sterile and adequate sample for testing.
  • Step 2: Serum Preparation After collection, the blood sample is processed to separate the serum from the cellular components. This is usually achieved through centrifugation, which allows for the clear serum to be obtained for further analysis.
  • Step 3: Immunoassay Testing The prepared serum is then subjected to an immunoassay, commonly using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. This technique detects the presence of actin smooth muscle antibodies in the serum by utilizing specific antigens that bind to the antibodies if they are present.
  • Step 4: Result Interpretation The results of the ASMA test are interpreted based on the titer levels. A titer greater than 1:40 is indicative of a high likelihood of autoimmune hepatitis or liver damage, while lower or absent levels suggest alternative causes for liver symptoms.

3. Post-Procedure

After the ASMA test is completed, the patient may be advised to follow up with their healthcare provider to discuss the results. If ASMAs are detected, further diagnostic testing may be recommended to confirm the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis or to rule out other conditions. In cases where ASMAs are not found, the healthcare provider may explore other potential causes for the patient's liver symptoms. It is essential for patients to understand that the ASMA test is often part of a broader diagnostic workup, and additional tests, such as antinuclear antibody tests, may be performed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of liver health.

Short Descr ACTIN ANTIBODY EACH
Medium Descr ACTIN SMOOTH MUSCLE ANTIBODY EACH
Long Descr Actin (smooth muscle) antibody (ASMA), each
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) none
MUE 2
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
PD Diagnostic or related non diagnostic item or service provided in a wholly owned or operated entity to a patient who is admitted as an inpatient within 3 days
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
Action
Notes
2022-01-01 Added Code added
Code
Description
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