CPT® Code 86332

The immune complex assay, identified by CPT® Code 86332, is a laboratory test designed to measure the presence of circulating immune cells in the bloodstream. These immune cells are formed through the interaction between antibodies and antigens, which are critical components of the body's immune response. In a healthy immune system, these circulating immune cells are typically cleared from the bloodstream quickly by the reticuloendothelial system, a network of cells and tissues that play a vital role in immune function. However, in cases where there is inflammation or tissue damage, the clearance process may be delayed, resulting in an accumulation of immune cells in circulation. This assay specifically detects immune complexes that bind to complement receptors on Raji cells, a type of human B-lymphocyte cell line used in laboratory testing. The quantitative analysis provided by the immune complex assay can be instrumental in staging various immunological disorders. Elevated levels of circulating immune cells detected through this assay have been linked to several autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, and glomerulonephritis. Additionally, these elevated levels may indicate the presence of infectious diseases such as Lyme disease and HIV, as well as certain malignancies. It is important to note that circulating immune cells can also be present without any underlying pathological condition. The test requires a blood sample, which is obtained through a separately reportable venipuncture procedure, and subsequently analyzed in the laboratory.