CPT® Code 86340

The CPT® Code 86340 refers to the laboratory test for the detection of intrinsic factor antibodies (IFBA) in the blood. This test is crucial for identifying the presence of antibodies that block the action of intrinsic factor, a protein produced in the stomach that is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is vital for the production of red blood cells and the maintenance of the nervous system. The intrinsic factor binds to free vitamin B12 and transports it to specific receptors in the ileal mucosa, facilitating its absorption in the small intestine. When intrinsic factor is absent, it can lead to a condition known as pernicious anemia (PA), which is characterized by the inability to absorb vitamin B12 effectively. The presence of intrinsic factor antibodies is significant as they are found in approximately 50% of individuals diagnosed with pernicious anemia. However, these antibodies may also be present in patients with other autoimmune conditions, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and rheumatoid arthritis. The test is performed by obtaining a blood sample through a venipuncture, which is a procedure that can be reported separately. The serum obtained from the blood sample is then analyzed using a qualitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to determine the presence of these antibodies.