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Official Description

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); hepatitis C, quantification, includes reverse transcription when performed

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87522 refers to the detection of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) through nucleic acid testing, specifically focusing on the quantification of the virus's genetic material, either DNA or RNA. Hepatitis C is a viral infection that primarily affects the liver, leading to inflammation and potentially resulting in chronic conditions such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. The quantification process is essential for determining the presence and severity of an ongoing or chronic HCV infection. This procedure involves the extraction and identification of the virus's nucleic acid, which is crucial for assessing the viral load in a patient's system. By utilizing advanced techniques such as reverse transcription, the fragile RNA of the virus is converted into complementary DNA (cDNA), allowing for more accurate detection and measurement. This quantification not only aids in diagnosing the infection but also plays a vital role in monitoring the effectiveness of treatment regimens, thereby guiding clinical decisions and patient management.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The procedure associated with CPT® Code 87522 is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Chronic Hepatitis C Infection - To evaluate the presence and severity of an ongoing infection caused by the hepatitis C virus.
  • Monitoring Treatment Response - To assess the effectiveness of antiviral therapy in patients undergoing treatment for hepatitis C.
  • Determining Viral Load - To quantify the amount of hepatitis C virus present in the patient's blood, which is critical for understanding the progression of the disease.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87522 involves several key steps to accurately detect and quantify the hepatitis C virus.

  • Sample Collection The first step involves collecting a blood sample from the patient, which contains the viral RNA. This sample is essential for subsequent testing and must be handled according to laboratory protocols to prevent degradation of the nucleic acids.
  • Nucleic Acid Extraction The next step is the extraction of nucleic acids from the collected sample. This process involves breaking down the cellular components to release the viral RNA, which is then purified to ensure that it is suitable for analysis.
  • Reverse Transcription Once the RNA is extracted, reverse transcription is performed. This step converts the fragile viral RNA into complementary DNA (cDNA), which is more stable and can be amplified for further analysis.
  • Amplification After reverse transcription, amplification primers are added to the cDNA. These primers are short strands of nucleic acid that bind to specific regions of the cDNA, allowing the polymerase enzyme to replicate the target sequences. This enzymatic reaction results in the exponential amplification of the cDNA, making it easier to detect even low levels of the virus.
  • Quantification The final step involves quantifying the amplified DNA. This is achieved through fluorescence measurement, where the amount of DNA generated during the PCR cycles is monitored. The fluorescence intensity correlates with the viral load, providing a quantitative assessment of the hepatitis C infection.

3. Post-Procedure

After the procedure associated with CPT® Code 87522, the laboratory will analyze the results and provide a report detailing the viral load present in the patient's sample. This information is crucial for the physician to determine the appropriate course of treatment and to monitor the patient's response to therapy. Patients may be advised to follow up with their healthcare provider to discuss the results and any necessary next steps in their treatment plan. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the sample is processed in a timely manner to maintain the integrity of the nucleic acids and the accuracy of the results.

Short Descr HEPATITIS C REVRS TRNSCRPJ
Medium Descr IADNA HEPATITIS C QUANT & REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION
Long Descr Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); hepatitis C, quantification, includes reverse transcription when performed
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
Q4 Service for ordering/referring physician qualifies as a service exemption
26 Professional component: certain procedures are a combination of a physician or other qualified health care professional component and a technical component. when the physician or other qualified health care professional component is reported separately, the service may be identified by adding modifier 26 to the usual procedure number.
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
Q1 Routine clinical service provided in a clinical research study that is in an approved clinical research study
AY Item or service furnished to an esrd patient that is not for the treatment of esrd
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Q6 Service furnished under a fee-for-time compensation arrangement by a substitute physician or by a substitute physical therapist furnishing outpatient physical therapy services in a health professional shortage area, a medically underserved area, or a rural area
QJ Services/items provided to a prisoner or patient in state or local custody, however the state or local government, as applicable, meets the requirements in 42 cfr 411.4 (b)
XS Separate structure, a service that is distinct because it was performed on a separate organ/structure
XU Unusual non-overlapping service, the use of a service that is distinct because it does not overlap usual components of the main service
Date
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Notes
2014-01-01 Changed Description Changed
2013-01-01 Changed Description Changed
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1998-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1998.
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