CPT® Code 87538

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); HIV-2, amplified probe technique, includes reverse transcription when performed

The CPT® Code 87538 refers to the detection of the infectious agent HIV-2 through nucleic acid techniques, specifically utilizing an amplified probe technique. This method includes reverse transcription when performed, which is essential for converting RNA into DNA, allowing for the identification of the HIV-2 virus. HIV-2 is one of the two serotypes of the human immunodeficiency virus, the other being HIV-1. The detection of HIV-2 is critical as it can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a severe condition that compromises the immune system by destroying CD4 T-cells, which are vital for immune response. The transmission of HIV-2 can occur through various means, including sexual contact, unscreened blood transfusions, sharing of needles, and from mother to child during pregnancy or breastfeeding. The procedure involves obtaining a blood sample from the patient, which is then processed to isolate the nucleic acids of the virus. Unlike direct probe techniques, which are less commonly used due to their requirement for culturing the specimen, the amplified probe technique allows for the detection of HIV-2 even when the viral load is low. This is achieved through amplification methods such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which creates multiple copies of the viral nucleic acids, enhancing the likelihood of detection. The process includes lysing red blood cells to preserve leukocytes, followed by washing and pelleting the leukocytes to extract DNA. The final detection step confirms the presence of HIV-2 DNA in the specimen, providing crucial information for diagnosis and treatment monitoring.