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Official Description

Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Herpes virus-6, direct probe technique

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 87531 refers to a laboratory test designed for the detection of the infectious agent known as human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) through the analysis of nucleic acids, specifically DNA or RNA. HHV-6 is a virus that can lead to various clinical manifestations, particularly in children and immunocompromised individuals. The two variants of this virus, HHV-6A and HHV-6B, are associated with different illnesses; HHV-6A is primarily linked to roseola infantum, a common childhood illness characterized by fever and rash, while HHV-6B can cause a mononucleosis-like syndrome in those with weakened immune systems. The test utilizes a direct probe technique to identify the unique nucleic acid sequence of HHV-6, which is referred to as the target sequence. This sequence is detected in biological samples such as blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The process involves treating the sample to release nucleic acids from the virus, if present, and then applying a labeled probe that specifically binds to the target sequence, forming a stable hybrid. The probes used in this test are often labeled with fluorescent or chemiluminescent markers, enhancing the detection process. In the context of HHV-6 detection, ribosomal RNA is frequently targeted due to its abundance in microorganisms, which allows for more effective identification compared to genomic DNA. This method is distinct from the amplified probe technique, which is covered under CPT® Code 87532, where the sensitivity of the assay is significantly improved by exponentially amplifying the target nucleic acid sequence. The most prevalent amplification methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, CPT® Code 87533 pertains to nucleic acid detection with quantification, providing insights into the quantity of microorganisms present in the sample through quantitative or real-time PCR techniques. This comprehensive approach to nucleic acid detection is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management of infections caused by HHV-6.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The CPT® Code 87531 is indicated for the detection of the human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) in patients who may present with various symptoms or conditions associated with this viral infection. The following indications are explicitly recognized for this procedure:

  • Roseola Infantum - A common childhood illness caused by HHV-6A, characterized by fever and rash.
  • Mononucleosis-like Illness - Symptoms associated with HHV-6B, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, which may include fatigue, fever, and lymphadenopathy.
  • Reactivated HHV-6 Infection - Symptoms may include fever, lymphadenopathy, pneumonitis, hepatitis, and encephalitis, particularly in patients with weakened immune systems.

2. Procedure

The procedure for CPT® Code 87531 involves several critical steps to ensure accurate detection of the HHV-6 virus. The following procedural steps are outlined:

  • Sample Collection - A biological sample, typically blood or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is collected from the patient. This sample serves as the source for nucleic acid extraction.
  • Nucleic Acid Release - The collected sample undergoes treatment to release nucleic acids from the HHV-6 virus, if present. This step is essential for isolating the target nucleic acid sequence for detection.
  • Probe Hybridization - A labeled probe, which is designed to specifically bind to the unique nucleic acid sequence of HHV-6, is introduced to the sample. The probe is labeled with either fluorescent or chemiluminescent markers to facilitate detection.
  • Formation of Stable Hybrid - The labeled probe binds to the target sequence, forming a stable hybrid. This hybridization is crucial for the subsequent detection of the virus.
  • Detection of Hybridization - The presence of the stable hybrid is detected through the fluorescent or chemiluminescent signals emitted by the labeled probe, indicating the presence of HHV-6 in the sample.

3. Post-Procedure

After the completion of the procedure associated with CPT® Code 87531, the laboratory will analyze the results to determine the presence of HHV-6 in the sample. The findings will be documented and reported to the healthcare provider for further evaluation and management of the patient's condition. It is important for healthcare professionals to consider the clinical context and symptoms presented by the patient when interpreting the results of this test. Follow-up care may be necessary based on the results, particularly in cases where HHV-6 is detected, to address any potential complications or further treatment options.

Short Descr HHV-6 DNA DIR PROBE
Medium Descr IADNA HERPES VIRUS-6 DIRECT PROBE TQ
Long Descr Infectious agent detection by nucleic acid (DNA or RNA); Herpes virus-6, direct probe technique
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 206 - Microscopic examination (bacterial smear, culture, toxicology)
Date
Action
Notes
2011-01-01 Changed Short description changed.
1998-01-01 Added First appearance in code book in 1998.
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