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Official Description

Quinine

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 84228 refers to a laboratory test that measures the levels of quinine in the blood or urine. Quinine is a compound that is naturally derived from the bark of cinchona trees and is well-known for its use in tonic water, a popular beverage. This test is significant in clinical settings as quinine is utilized for various medical conditions, including malaria, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), arthritis, and nocturnal leg cramps. Additionally, quinine possesses anti-pyretic properties, meaning it can help reduce fever, as well as anti-inflammatory effects, which can be beneficial in managing certain inflammatory conditions. The testing process involves obtaining a blood sample through a procedure known as venipuncture, which is separately reportable, and a urine sample collected via random voiding. The analysis of both serum or plasma and urine samples is conducted using advanced techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, ensuring accurate measurement of quinine levels in the body.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The test for quinine levels is indicated for several specific medical conditions and symptoms, which include:

  • Malaria - Quinine is primarily used in the treatment of malaria, a serious disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - This autoimmune disease can lead to inflammation and damage in various body systems, and quinine may be prescribed to help manage symptoms.
  • Arthritis - Quinine may be utilized in the treatment of arthritis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and stiffness.
  • Nocturnal Leg Cramps - Patients experiencing painful leg cramps during the night may be prescribed quinine to alleviate these symptoms.

2. Procedure

The procedure for testing quinine levels involves several key steps that ensure accurate results. First, a blood sample is obtained through a process known as venipuncture. This involves inserting a needle into a vein, typically in the arm, to draw blood. It is important to note that this step is separately reportable, meaning it should be documented and billed independently from the quinine level test itself. Following the collection of the blood sample, a urine sample is obtained through random voiding, which means the patient provides a urine sample at any time during the day without any specific preparation. Once both samples are collected, they are sent to a laboratory where they undergo testing. The analysis is performed using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, a sophisticated technique that allows for precise measurement of quinine levels in both serum or plasma and urine samples.

3. Post-Procedure

After the procedure, there are generally no specific post-procedure care requirements for patients. However, it is advisable for patients to remain hydrated and to follow any additional instructions provided by their healthcare provider. The results of the quinine level test will typically be reviewed by the physician, who will interpret the findings in the context of the patient's overall health and any underlying conditions. If the quinine levels are found to be abnormal, further evaluation or adjustments to the treatment plan may be necessary.

Short Descr ASSAY OF QUININE
Medium Descr ASSAY OF QUININE
Long Descr Quinine
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 1
CCS Clinical Classification 233 - Laboratory - Chemistry and Hematology
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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