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Official Description

Selenium

© Copyright 2026 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Common Language Description

The CPT® Code 84255 refers to the measurement of selenium levels in the body through a blood or urine test. Selenium is classified as a trace mineral, which means it is required by the body in small amounts for various physiological functions. This mineral plays a crucial role in maintaining optimum health, as it is involved in antioxidant defense, thyroid hormone metabolism, and immune function. Selenium is naturally found in a variety of foods, particularly in plants and seafood, and its availability can vary significantly depending on the geographical region. A deficiency in selenium can lead to several health issues, including heart disease, thyroid dysfunction, and a compromised immune system. Specific diseases associated with selenium deficiency include Keshan disease, which affects the heart; Kashin-Beck disease, which impacts joint health; and Myxedematous Endemic Cretinism, a severe form of hypothyroidism. To perform the test, a blood sample is typically collected through a venipuncture, which is a procedure that may need to be reported separately. Alternatively, a urine sample can be collected over a 24-hour period to assess selenium levels. The analysis of serum, plasma, or urine samples is conducted using a sophisticated technique known as quantitative inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, which allows for precise measurement of selenium concentrations.

© Copyright 2026 Coding Ahead. All rights reserved.

1. Indications

The selenium test (CPT® Code 84255) is indicated for the following conditions:

  • Assessment of Selenium Deficiency This test is performed to evaluate potential selenium deficiency, which can lead to various health issues.
  • Monitoring of Health Conditions It may be used to monitor patients with conditions that could be affected by selenium levels, such as thyroid disorders and immune system dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of Specific Diseases The test is relevant in the diagnosis and management of diseases associated with selenium deficiency, including Keshan disease, Kashin-Beck disease, and Myxedematous Endemic Cretinism.

2. Procedure

The procedure for measuring selenium levels involves several key steps:

  • Step 1: Sample Collection A blood sample is obtained through a venipuncture, which involves inserting a needle into a vein to draw blood. This step is critical as it provides the serum or plasma needed for the selenium analysis. The venipuncture may need to be reported separately for billing purposes. Additionally, a urine sample is collected over a 24-hour period to ensure accurate measurement of selenium levels in urine.
  • Step 2: Sample Preparation Once the blood and urine samples are collected, they are prepared for analysis. The blood sample is typically processed to separate the serum or plasma, which is necessary for the subsequent testing. The urine sample is also prepared to ensure it is suitable for quantitative analysis.
  • Step 3: Testing Methodology The prepared serum, plasma, or urine samples are then analyzed using quantitative inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This advanced technique allows for the precise quantification of selenium levels, providing accurate results that are essential for diagnosing and managing selenium-related health issues.

3. Post-Procedure

After the selenium test is completed, the results are typically reviewed by a healthcare professional. Depending on the findings, further evaluation or treatment may be necessary for patients with identified selenium deficiencies. Patients may be advised on dietary changes or supplementation to address low selenium levels. It is important for healthcare providers to consider the patient's overall health status and any underlying conditions when interpreting the results and determining the appropriate course of action.

Short Descr ASSAY OF SELENIUM
Medium Descr ASSAY OF SELENIUM
Long Descr Selenium
Status Code Statutory Exclusion (from MPFS, may be paid under other methodologies)
Global Days XXX - Global Concept Does Not Apply
PC/TC Indicator (26, TC) 9 - Not Applicable
Multiple Procedures (51) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Bilateral Surgery (50) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Physician Supervisions 09 - Concept does not apply.
Assistant Surgeon (80, 82) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Co-Surgeons (62) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Team Surgery (66) 9 - Concept does not apply.
Diagnostic Imaging Family 99 - Concept Does Not Apply
CLIA Waived (QW) No
APC Status Indicator Conditionally packaged laboratory tests
Type of Service (TOS) 5 - Diagnostic Laboratory
Berenson-Eggers TOS (BETOS) T1H - Lab tests - other (non-Medicare fee schedule)
MUE 2
CCS Clinical Classification 233 - Laboratory - Chemistry and Hematology
90 Reference (outside) laboratory: when laboratory procedures are performed by a party other than the treating or reporting physician or other qualified health care professional, the procedure may be identified by adding modifier 90 to the usual procedure number.
GA Waiver of liability statement issued as required by payer policy, individual case
91 Repeat clinical diagnostic laboratory test: in the course of treatment of the patient, it may be necessary to repeat the same laboratory test on the same day to obtain subsequent (multiple) test results. under these circumstances, the laboratory test performed can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 91. note: this modifier may not be used when tests are rerun to confirm initial results; due to testing problems with specimens or equipment; or for any other reason when a normal, one-time, reportable result is all that is required. this modifier may not be used when other code(s) describe a series of test results (eg, glucose tolerance tests, evocative/suppression testing). this modifier may only be used for laboratory test(s) performed more than once on the same day on the same patient.
59 Distinct procedural service: under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was distinct or independent from other non-e/m services performed on the same day. modifier 59 is used to identify procedures/services, other than e/m services, that are not normally reported together, but are appropriate under the circumstances. documentation must support a different session, different procedure or surgery, different site or organ system, separate incision/excision, separate lesion, or separate injury (or area of injury in extensive injuries) not ordinarily encountered or performed on the same day by the same individual. however, when another already established modifier is appropriate it should be used rather than modifier 59. only if no more descriptive modifier is available, and the use of modifier 59 best explains the circumstances, should modifier 59 be used. note: modifier 59 should not be appended to an e/m service. to report a separate and distinct e/m service with a non-e/m service performed on the same date, see modifier 25.
76 Repeat procedure or service by same physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a procedure or service was repeated by the same physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 76 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
77 Repeat procedure by another physician or other qualified health care professional: it may be necessary to indicate that a basic procedure or service was repeated by another physician or other qualified health care professional subsequent to the original procedure or service. this circumstance may be reported by adding modifier 77 to the repeated procedure or service. note: this modifier should not be appended to an e/m service.
GV Attending physician not employed or paid under arrangement by the patient's hospice provider
GW Service not related to the hospice patient's terminal condition
GY Item or service statutorily excluded, does not meet the definition of any medicare benefit or, for non-medicare insurers, is not a contract benefit
GZ Item or service expected to be denied as not reasonable and necessary
Date
Action
Notes
2013-01-01 Changed Medium Descriptor changed.
Pre-1990 Added Code added.
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